THE EFFECT OF CLASSROOM MANAGEMENT ON THE ACADEMIC ACHIEVEMENT OF PUPILS IN PRIMARY SCHOOLS: A CASE STUDY OF SOME SELECTED PRIMARY SCHOOLS IN ODEDA LOCAL GOVERNMENT, AREA OF OGUN STATE
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THE EFFECT
OF CLASSROOM MANAGEMENT ON THE ACADEMIC ACHIEVEMENT OF PUPILS IN PRIMARY
SCHOOLS: A CASE STUDY OF SOME SELECTED PRIMARY SCHOOLS IN ODEDA LOCAL
GOVERNMENT, AREA OF OGUN STATE
CHAPTER ONE
INTRODUCTION
1.1 BACKGROUND TO THE STUDY
Classroom
management is a significant part of effective teaching and learning process.
Due to an effective classroom management, pupils flourish in a positive class
climate and a compassionate environment. From a pupils’ perspective, effective
classroom management provides them the opportunities to socialize themselves
while learning. From a teacher’s perspective, effective classroom management
involves precautionary discipline and fruitful teaching.
Okoli (2008)
concluded that physical environment of the classroom and seating arrangement is
interrelated with management. For the classroom to serve its purpose, the
teacher must be able to establish order. This requires him/her to have the
knowledge, attitude and skills necessary. He/she must be able to establish
rapport with the pupils and their parents, involve pupils in the processes of
establishing ground rules for behavior and being accountable for their actions,
manage transitions during instructions, and motivate pupils to maximize
time-on-task. The teacher also supervises pupils in their learning activities
and lastly deals with pupils’ misbehavior effectively.
However, the
phenomenon of over- crowded classroom as well as poor quality and inadequate
furniture in the classroom due to unlimited expansion has taken its toll on the
educational system. Thus, only few people will deny that the quality of
teaching and learning is on the decline at all levels of the educational
system. Hassan (1995)
In the same
vein, Ajayi (2000) opines that the poor result of the senior primary school
examination (SSCE) in almost all subjects in recent years is one potent
indicator. The increase in examination malpractices cannot be divorced. From
poor seating arrangement in classroom
Furthermore,
classroom management is the process of organizing and conducting the business
of the classroom, many perceive it as the preservation of order the through
teacher control. Classroom management is much more than that; it also involves
the establishment and maintenance of the classroom environment so that
educational goals can be accomplished (Savage & Savage 2010).
Effective
classroom mangers create orderly, safe environments where pupils feel valued
and comfortable. Thus, setting the stage for teaching and learning, to achieve
classrooms space to support a variety of independence, small and large group
activities (Crane, 2001). Elementary teachers also designate a large area of
floor space where pupils can gather for read aloud, demonstrations and class
meeting. Hence, in all classrooms, there should be no “blind” area in the room
where pupils can be out of view. To structure “traffic flow” and minimize
disruption, teachers separate high-traffic area such as group work areas, learning
centers, pupils’s desk and teacher’s desk.
Supporting
this view, Adeyinka (2012) stressed that effective classroom managers provide a
structured, caring environment that meets pupils’ personal and academic needs.
Such teachers are perceived as authority figures in the classroom. They share
high behavioural expectation, designing implement development appropriate
lessons, and establish and enforce behavioural guidelines, because effective
teachers respect pupils as individuals with rights values and feelings, they
carefully choose their words and actions to protect pupils’ dignity. They
actively engage pupils in meaningful, challenging educational experiences and
provide plentiful positive feedback. In short, they set their pupils and
themselves up for success.
However,
ineffective teachers are poor planners. They do not start class on time, become
sidetracked easily, use limited, low interest teaching strategies, and create a
disorganized expectation, (Adeyemo, 2012): furthermore, they avoid their responsibility
in helping pupils to make good behavioral choices by trying to be the pupils’
friend instead of their teacher. When that approach generates misbehaviors,
ineffective teaches use ridicule, sarcasm, and put-down to put pupils in their
place. Pupils disrespect for these teaches is evidenced through increasingly
frequent classroom disruptions and exceeding poor behavioural choices.
1.2 STATEMENT OF THE PROBLEM
Classroom
management is the heart of any educational system. No curriculum Planning is
complete without implementation and evolution, both of which are mainly carried
out in the classroom. Most of the class activities take place while pupils are
seated. The seating arrangement is therefore too important to suffer the kind
of neglect being experienced by many primary school pupils in the country
today.
As rightly
observed by Cohen and Manion (1983): A careful attention of seating arrangement
contributes effectively to classroom management and control of overall success
of the classroom. Observation reveals that in recent times, there has been
astronomical rise in class size due to increase in environment of pupils in
public primary schools. Some schools have as many as eighty (80), hundred (100)
or above per class as against the teacher pupils ratio of 1:25 recommended by
the National Policy on Education (FGN 2004) which can affect pupils’s academic performance if
classroom is not properly managed by the class management. This situation has
multiple negative effects on teaching and learning as well as pupils academic
outcome. This is evidenced in the failure rates recorded by pupils in external
exams like W.A.E.C in core subjects like English Language between 2004 to date
(Osin 2009). Apart from this, pupils no longer have confidence in writing exams
on their own without examination mal practice (Mgbikem 2004). However, this
research tends to take a look into how classroom management has affected the
performance of pupils in primary schools.
1.3 PURPOSE OF THE STUDY
The reason
behind this research is to examine the effects of classroom management on
pupils’ academic performance of pupils in some selected primary schools, in
Odeda Local Government, Ogun State. The researcher is also interested in
examining
1. The
extent that classroom management has contributed to teaching effectiveness
2. The
importance of classroom management to the pupils learning environment.
3. How
classroom management has contributed to the academic Performance of Pupils in
primary school
1.4 RESEARCH QUESTIONS
This
research study is aimed at examining how classroom management affects pupil’s
academic performance. In order to gather valuable information on the topic, the
following questions will be used.
(i) Why should teachers develop and enhance
their skills in classroom management?
(ii) What do good teachers bring with them to
develop supportive pupils-teacher relation?
(iii) How
does classroom management help develop successful learning environment?
(iv) What is the significance of classroom
management on pupil’s academic achievement?
1.5 SCOPE OF THE STUDY
The research
will be carried out in some selected schools in Odeda Local Government, Ogun
State. These schools are:
(i) FCE Nursery and Primary School, Abeokuta
(ii) God Grace Nursery & Primary School,
Ire-Akari, Osiele
(iii) St. Mary Primary School
(iv) Standard Nursery and Primary School
1.6 SIGNIFICANCE OF THE STUDY
The
information that will be obtained from this project will be significant such
that it will help a number of Individuals, Organisation, Curriculum Planners,
Educational Agencies and Teachers in proper planning and development of the
curriculum in other to ensure effective classroom management.
It will also
help to improve classroom management skills so as to help the pupils perform
better in their studies.
1.7 DEFINITION OF TERMS
EFFECTS: A
change that something or somebody causes in something or somebody else.
CLASSROOM:
This refers to a formal place, organize by educational planners where
reasonable learners gather to learn and
to achieve common educational goal from more knowledgeable person.
MANAGEMENT:
The act of running and controlling an organization.
CLASSROOM
MANAGEMENT: refers to the wide variety of skills and techniques that teachers
used to keep pupils organized orderly, focused, attentive on task, and
academically productive during a class.
PUPILS:
These are sets people or lower reasonable learners who learn from more
knowledgeable person (teachers, instructors, lecturers) within the four walls
of the school, so as to function well in the society.
ACADEMIC
PERFORMANCE: This refers to as the measure at which pupils perform academically
in school which could be either negative or positive that determines the grade
point, success, achievement of pupils in schools.
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