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IMPACT OF
AGE ON THE ACADEMIC PERFORMANCE OF STUDENTS IN IBIONO IBOM LOCAL GOVERNMENT
AREA
ABSTRACT
The hue and
cry about the falling standard of Education in Nigeria has raised questions to
the possible causes. One of such was this study of impact of age on academic
performance. The aim was to collect data on age and academic performance in
internal examination and to ascertain if there is any impact or relationship
between the duo. The alternative hypothesis which stated that there is
relationship between age and academic was accepted. The study population was
students of senior secondary schools in Ibiono Ibom. The sample size was 2000.
It was forms that age is not a prerequisite to make a student better of
academically provided concrete operational stage as stated by piaget is
reached. Perception is a yardstick for better academically. It was also
revealed that academic performance is a natural endowment.
CHAPTER ONE
INTRODUCTION
BACKGROUND
OF THE STUDY
There has
been lots of hues and cry on the falling standard of Education in the country.
Lots of factors have been pinpointed as being of direct impact on the
performance of students. Such include the language of communication the child
background (socioeconomic), the environment and the availability of physical
learning infrastructures. In a bid to know how a child learns, piaget, Bruner,
skinner, etc came up with different schools of thought and theories of learning
in piaget’s work, he specified the level of mental activities a child can do at
different age brackets. Thus:
Sensorimotor
stage (0 – 2 years)
Preoperational
stage – (2 – 7 years)
Concrete
operational stage – ( 7 – 11 years)
Formal
operational stage – (12 – 15 years) cited by NTI (2002, p.20)
Textbook on
Educational Psychology This simply tells that activities which a child can
perform relate to age. This study therefore wants to determine whether the
current decadents is due to underage of the students in respect to their
classes. In Ibiono Ibom, the number of students who do pass mathematics and
other logical subjects are usually few. There is improvement in terms of
facilities but the trend of performance has not reciprocate the improvement. We
do expect to determine the impact of age on their performance assuming other
factors are met.
1.2 STATEMENT OF PROBLEM
There are
lots of problems bothering the development of Education in Nigeria. Some are
latent while others are so outstanding to be noticed. Whether latent or
outstanding, they have impacts on our educational system. Cognitive development
theory of Jean Piaget (1896 – 1980) believes that children’s learning abilities
were determined prior to their birth. That is hereditary is the sole
determinant (NTI 2000) ED p.118-122, Pshy Arnold Gesell said that understanding
the cognitive development (Intelligence) of a learner is by understanding the
growth process of the individual. This emphasis is on age. Therefore, this
study is to investigate the impacts of age on the academic performance of
students in Ibiono Ibom.
This work
aims at:
Collecting
data on academic performance and ages of students in schools in Ibiono Ibom
Local Government Area.
Comparing
the performance of students of the same age with the same class and among
schools
Comparing
the academic performance of students of similar age in difference classes
Making
inference on the relationship or no relationship of age to academic performance
of students.
Making
recommendations to stakeholders in Educational systems
Does age
affect/relate with academic performance?
Do students’
ages at entry into secondary schools in consonance with the 13 years stated by
Government?
Could
academic performance of students improve if age of entry into secondary school
is raised to 15 years?
Do older
students perform better than younger ones in the same class?
1a: Ho: The Null hypothesis of this study states
that there is no positive impact of age on the academic performance.
Hi: The
Alternative Hypothesis: There is positive impact of age on academic performance
SIGNIFICANCE
OF THE STUDY
This study
seeks to make findings into the poor performance of students in schools given
the huge financial investment by the various stakeholders. Other researchers
have worked on cognitive ability development and factors affecting it but
little if any has been done on impact of age. Considering the fact that
children at time resume nursery schools at age one. The findings become road
map to making useful recommendations and arriving at tentative factual
statements.
1.7 SCOPE AND LIMITATION OF THE STUDY
The study
covers schools in Ibiono Ibom Local Government Area. Students in senior
secondary section were used. The number of schools studied were those in Ibiono
Eastern and Central as permitted by time and finance. Both sexes were
considered. Cumulative academic performance and progressive performance were
assessed. For students who stayed for a term, their scores and grades in
terminal examination were used and the rating were as specified by WAEC. The
academic performances were studied using the students and of term results and
or and of year results.
1.8 DEFINITION OF OPERATIONAL TERMS
Academic
Performance: The cognitive ability of students in terms of passing performing
well in continuous assessment / terminal examination.
Impact:
Effect which is exerted on something by some other agent. It could be positive
or negative effect.
Continuous
assessment: Periodic means of evaluating progress in academic work. It forms
part of the end of term’s work.
Age: This is
a measure of how old a student is. It is measured in years.
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