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EFFECTS OF
LOGOTHERAPY AND REASSURANCE ON ADJUSTMENT OF HIV POSITIVE YOUTHS TO
STIGMATIZATION
ABSTRACT
The study
was designed to determine the effects of logotherapy and reassurance
counselling on HIV positive youths in Enugu State. The study was guided by
three research questions and three hypotheses tested at 0.05 level of
significance. A true experimental design was adopted for the study. A total of
32 HIV positive youths were used for the study. The instrument for data
collection was a 22 item questionnaire which was titled Adjustment scale
instrument for HIV positive youths (ASIHPY). The instrument was validated by
three experts, all from the University of Nigeria, Nsukka. The reliability of
the instrument was determined using Cronbach Alpha statistics which yielded an
estimated value of 0.83. The HIV positive youths in the three experimental
groups were pretested with ASIHPY before receiving appropriate treatments on
logotherapy and reassurance counselling. After the treatments, ASIHPY was
re-administered on both groups as post test. Mean and standard deviation were
used to answer the four research questions while Analysis of Covariance,
(ANCOVA) was used to test the three hypotheses posed. It was found that: the
two treatment groups had better adjustment as shown by their pretest posttest
mean differences. Also, gender had a significant influence on the HIV positive
youths. It was recommended that guidance counsellors, educational psychologists
should plan a programme of intervention based on the principles for HIV
positive youths adjustment; and the federal and state ministries of Education
should organize and sponsor workshops and seminars for educational
psychologists and school guidance counsellors on how to implement logotherapy
and reassurance counselling techniques.
CHAPTER ONE
INTRODUCTION
Background
of the Study
Human
Imuno-deficiency Virus (HIV) is a viral infection that has the effects of
destroying the body’s immune system, a situation called “Acquired
Immuno-deficiency Syndrome” (AIDS). AIDS is a fatal disease in which the human
immunodeficiency virus (HIV) gradually destroys the ability of the immune system
to fight off a wide range of infectious agents (National Action Committee on
AIDS-NACA, 2007). Researches on AIDS had shown that HIV is transmitted through
blood contact, sexual intercourse with an infected person, sharing of sharp
body piercing objects, homosexual contacts and mother to child transmission
during pregnancy, labour and breast feeding (NACA, 2007). The mode of
transmission of HIV makes it very vulnerable to be transmitted from one person
to another (NACA, 2007). Since the first case of HIV was reported in 1981,
millions of people had died globally from the infection. For instance, in 2008
the estimated number of people living with HIV in Nigeria was projected at 2.95
million while the cumulative AIDS death was estimated at 280,000 people annually,
(National HIV Sero-prevalence Sentinel Survey: Preliminary findings, 2008)
The pandemic
of HIV and AIDS has spread to all regions of the globe and infected over forty
million people worldwide that are currently living with this fatal disease
(UNAIDS, 2002).
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