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THE ROLE OF
SCHOOL DISCIPLINE ON STUDENTS ACADEMIC PERFORMANCE
CHAPTER ONE
INTRODUCTION
1.1
Background to the Study
Provision of
quality education and training is the ultimate goal of any educational system.
The success of teaching is reflected by academic performance of students. This
goal can never be achieved without school discipline. How students are
disciplined has been an issue since the inception of public education. In 1770,
William Blackstone applied the phrase in loco parentis, which literally means
in place of the parents, to educators. In loco parentis gave teachers the
ability to act in place of the parent in response to disciplinary actions
(Conte, 2000). In loco parentis was implemented in schools in the early 1900s,
and with it came corporal punishment.
Victorian
era parents believed children who were lazy and insubordinate were alienating
themselves from God, and teachers were thought to be the perfect authority
figure to ensure alienation did not occur (Parker-Jenkins, 1997). During this
time period corporal punishment was viewed as necessary to produce citizens who
conformed to the norms of society, beat out sin, and ensure learning occurred
(Parker Jenkins, 1997). The book of Proverbs in the Bible advocates the use of
a rod, i.e. corporal punishment, to save children’s souls from death. Therefore, teachers began administering
corporal punishment for acts of wrong doing by their charges (Conte, 2000).
Recently
scholars have written more on indiscipline among pupils and its effects on
learning outcome and their progress in schools. Discipline in school is a very
important aspect towards academic excellence, while lack of it usually gives
rise to a lot of problems such as lack of vision and mission, poor time
management, irregular attendance and punishment. It also plays a vital role in
the acquisition of sense of responsibility in learners as well as educators.
Gawe, Vakalisa and Jacobs, (2001:190) express cooperative learning if academic
performance is to be achieved among students.
Effective
discipline helps in the achievement of goals, expectation and expectation and
responsibility in students (Dunham, 1984:66).Good discipline creates a good
image of the school and prepares learners for the future. Disruptive behavior
amongst learners eliminated if there is good discipline at school. The
implementation of effective discipline
at school is a key for the learner in his journey to adulthood. By definition
discipline refers to the ability to carry out reasonable instructions or orders
to reach appropriate standards of behaviors. It is understood to be that
abstract quality in a human being which is associated with and manifested by a
person’s ability to do things well at the right time, in the right
circumstance, without or with minimum supervision (Ngonyani, 1973:15).
Various
studies have been conducted on issues pertaining to schools’ academic performance,
such as those by Malekela (2000:61), Galabawa (2000:100) and Mosha (2000:4).
They have pointed out some factors that lead to varying levels of performance
in schools, including availability of teachers, availability of teaching and
learning materials and language communication. Omari (1995) talks about school discipline as one among aspects
that influence performance in schools. School discipline is an essential
element in any educational institution if the students are to benefit from the
opportunities offered to them. Omari (1995:38) argues that it is difficult to
maintain order and discipline in schools where teachers have no space to sit,
prepare and mark students’ work. In
other words, Omari (1995) supports the above scholars that availability of
teaching and learning materials has an impact on school discipline. Indiscipline in schools, and consequently,
school strikes, destroy the teaching- learning environment. Occasionally there
are protests, riots and violence and sometimes the police have to come in to
intervene to protect school property. Some schools become virtual prisons as
they construct huge walls and expensive fences to protect good students,
teachers and property against undisciplined students. Ohsako (1997:7) argues
that violence is a sensitive issue that provokes anxiety, arouses emotions and
has negative impact on school performance.
Despite the
rules endorsed by the Ministry of
Education and Vocational Training but they are not followed by many of the
students and their teachers in some government and private schools, who
misbehave wherever they are outside the school environment. As Omari (1995:25)
observes, the most important thing is not so much to have written rules pinned
in the office of the head teacher or discipline master as to have rules
actually implemented. School rules and regulations should facilitate
administrative work, should focus on the creation of a good atmosphere for
teaching and learning.
For several
years now there have been concerns by various people and groups regarding
thedeterioration of the quality of education in secondary schools. Schools vary
in categories some school have maintained standard other school standard
decline .It’s time to look the circumstances surrounding differential
performance among them; as well as the varying levels of discipline associated
with different school categories.
1.2
Statement of the Problem
The survey
of the results of the national Form Four Examinations in Lagos state for 10
years now, from 2003 to 2013, indicates dominance of some secondary schools in
the top positions. Despite numerous studies that have been carried out such as
those by Malekela (2000:61), Galabawa (2000:100), Mosha (2000:4) and Omari
(1995:38) that look for factors associated with academic performance in
schools, little has been investigated on discipline, particularly with respect
to best performing secondary schools in comparison with least performing
secondary schools. A study into this issue is thus imperative that focused on how
school discipline can be identified or defined, factors of its existence or
absence in schools, and the principal determinants of school discipline in
relation to academic performance in schools. Therefore there is a need to
address the issue of indiscipline in schools if they are to meet the academic
and social needs of all students and the society in general.
1.3 General Objectives of the Study
The general
objective of the study was to examine the extent to which students in best
performing schools are disciplined compared to students in least performing
secondary schools in Kosefe Local Government Area.
1.4 Specific
Objectives of the Study
i). To
examine the suitability of set rules and regulations in best and least
performing schools.
ii). To examine
the mechanisms in place that ensures that students’ abides to prescribed rules
and regulations.
iii). To
examine how the students punishment management influence academic performance.
iv). To
investigate how the administration of school rules and regulation contribute
students’ academic performance.
1.5 Research
Questions
i). To what extent set rules and regulations in
best performing and least performing schools are suitable?
ii). Do mechanisms in place ensure that students’
abides to prescribed rules and regulations?
iii). To
what extent students’ punishment management influence academic performance?
iv). How
does administration of school rules and regulations affect students’ academic
performance?
1.6
Significance of the Study
The study is
expected to give information which will be helpful to school head teachers,
policy makers in the Ministry of Education and Vocational Training, parents and
other stakeholders’ in Lagos state. Furthermore the study is expected to help
the Government of Lagos state in solving the increasing problems of
indiscipline among students’ in schools. Also the study will assist head of
schools on how to manage school rules and regulations, not only in Kosefe Local
Government Area but also in other schools in the whole country at large and
also will provide protective measures against indiscipline.
1.7
Definition of Terms
Academic
Performance
Academic
performance is the measured ability and achievement level of a learner in a
school, subject or particular skills.
Discipline
Discipline
in this study means a form of
discipline appropriate to the regulation of children and the maintenance of order
in the school.
Performance
Performance
in this study is the act or a process of performing a task or an action. How well or badly you do things is also
involved. So the learner’s actions at school indicate his performance.
School
School in
this study is described as a formal
institution for instruction or preparation for adult life which transport
culture to the next generation.
1.8
Delimitation and Limitations of the Study
• Some respondents did not return the
questionnaire in time and others did not fill them. The researcher had to make
follow up until got enough data for analysis.
• Some head of school did not allow
researcher to do research in their schools. They end up give promises for
researcher to come next time that they are busy with other school issues. To
tackle this researcher had to look for other school to do the research.
• Financial constraints and time limit. To
handle this researcher had to work on time and use money wisely.
1.9 Chapter
Summary
This chapter
covered issues at stake that included background to the problem, statement of
the problem, purpose of the study, specific objectives, research tasks and
questions as well as significance of the study. It also covered scope of the
study and chapter summary. The next chapter reviewed the available sources of
literature related to the study.
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