EFFECT OF COMPUTER ASSISTED INSTRUCTION (CAI) ON STUDENTS’ PERFORMANCE IN ECONOMICS IN SENIOR SECONDARY SCHOOLS
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EFFECT OF
COMPUTER ASSISTED INSTRUCTION (CAI) ON STUDENTS’ PERFORMANCE IN ECONOMICS IN
SENIOR SECONDARY SCHOOLS
Abstract
This study
examined the Effect of Computer Assisted Instruction (CAI) on Students’
Performance in Economics in Senior Secondary Schools in Ekiti State, Nigeria.
The study was conducted with four research objectives and four research
questions were asked while four null hypotheses were formulated and tested at p
< 0.05. Literatures that are related to the study were also reviewed. This
study was conducted in the public Senior Secondary Schools in Ekiti State.
Specifically, students of SSS II in Government Science College Iyin-Ekiti,
Community High School Iyemero-Ekiti, Government College Oye-Ekiti, and Ijaloke
Grammar School Emure-Ekiti with a population of 195, using quasi-experimental
design. The bio-data of the respondents was analyzed with the use of frequency
and percentage while mean and standard deviation was used to answer the four
research questions
CHAPTER ONE
INTRODUCTION
1.1 Background of the study
Teaching
methods and instructional techniques in the classrooms have been changing and
this is influenced by technological advancements. Technology has changed the
whole pattern of human life. The greatest contribution of cyber age technology
is the development of Computer and its use in all walks of life. Computer
according to Pritchard (2005) is a general purpose machine, commonly consisting
of digital circuitry, that accepts(inputs), stores, manipulates, and generates (outputs) data as numbers, text,
graphics, voice, video files, or electrical signals, in accordance with
instructions called a programme. The two principal characteristics of a
computer are: it responds to a specific set of instructions in a well-defined
manner and it can execute a prerecorded list of instructions (a programme).
Importantly, it is also concerned with the way these different uses can work
with each other to enhance teaching and learning and to better the standard of
living of people the world over (Pritchard, 2005). Instruction is a statement
or explanation of something that must be done, often given by someone in
authority. Pratt (2008) views Instruction, as the activities of educating or
instructing; activities that impart knowledge or skill written or spoken
directions for carrying out a procedure or performing a task. Effective
instructions often include visual elements (such as pictures, diagrams, and
flowcharts) that illustrate and clarify the text. Computer-assisted instruction
(CAI) is the process by which written and visual information is presented in a
logical sequence to a learner through a computer. The student learns by reading
the text material presented or by observing the graphic information displayed.
Some of the programmes provide audio-visual presentation with an option to the
student to select audio presentation in addition to the visual media. On this
background the researcher wants to investigate the effect of computer assisted
instruction on student performance in economic in senior secondary school
1.2
STATEMENT OF THE PROBLEM
However, the
achievement of students in the Economic subject especially at SSCE level has
consistently remained poor. This may imply that students are not learning from
the use of this method of teaching. Meanwhile, the introduction of computer
into secondary school classroom in other countries has proved to be effective
in improving teaching and learning process. This study therefore determined the
effect of introducing computer in economic classroom on students’ learning
outcome
1.3
OBJECTIVE OF THE STUDY
The
objectives of the study are;
1. To examine whether the introduction of
Computer Assisted Instruction (CAI) into secondary school classroom would
improve students’ performance in economic
2. To ascertain the effect of computer assisted
instruction on secondary school student’s achievement in economic.
3. To ascertain whether company assistant make
student lazy
4. To ascertain the relationship between
computer assisted instruction and teacher’s instruction in teaching of economic
1.4 RESEARCH
HYPOTHESES
For the
successful completion of the study, the following research hypotheses were
formulated by the researcher;
H0: the introduction of Computer Assisted
Instruction (CAI) into secondary school classroom would not improve students’
performance in economic
H1: the introduction of Computer Assisted
Instruction (CAI) into secondary school classroom would improve students’
performance in economic
H02: there is no relationship between computers
assisted instruction and teacher’s instruction in teaching of economic
H2: there
is a relationship between computers assisted instruction and teacher’s
instruction in teaching of economic
1.5
SIGNIFICANCE OF THE STUDY
Findings
from this study would encourage the use of Computer Assisted Instruction (CAI)
in the teaching of economic at secondary school level for improved students’
achievement in the subject. The information provided in this study would also
encourage the introduction of computer tablets into other public secondary
schools in the state by the state government for general improvement in
students’ achievement in economic and other subjects. It is also expected that
the result would promote the introduction of computer-assisted instruction into
private secondary schools in the state by their respective stakeholders. The result
of the study would also promote the use of and development of skills in
computer operations by such students taught with Computer Assisted Instruction
(CAI). A further significance of study is that its result would build such
students capacity and empower them in the technological world which would
assist them in future learning and general development and global relevance as
the world is becoming a global village of learning.
1.6 SCOPE
AND LIMITATION OF THE STUDY
The scope of
the study covers the effect of computer assisted instruction ( CAI) on student
performance in economic in senior secondary school. The researcher encounters
some constrain which limited the scope of the study;
a) AVAILABILITY OF RESEARCH MATERIAL: The
research material available to the researcher is insufficient, thereby limiting
the study
b) TIME: The
time frame allocated to the study does not enhance wider coverage as the
researcher has to combine other academic activities and examinations with the
study.
c)
Organizational privacy: Limited Access to the selected auditing firm makes it
difficult to get all the necessary and required information concerning the
activities.
1.7
DEFINITION OF TERMS
COMPUTER ASSISTED INSTRUCTION: Computer-assisted
instruction (CAI) is an interactive instructional technique whereby a computer
is used to present the instructional material and monitor the learning that
takes place. CAI uses a combination of text, graphics, sound and video in
enhancing the learning
ACADEMIC
PERFORMANCE: Academic achievement or (academic) performance is the extent to
which a student, teacher or institution has achieved their short or long-term
educational goals. Cumulative GPA and completion of educational degrees such as
High School and bachelor's degrees represent academic achievement.
ECONOMIC: Economics is a science which studies human
behaviour as a relationship between ends and scarce means which have
alternative uses.
1.8
ORGANIZATION OF THE STUDY
This
research work is organized in five chapters, for easy understanding, as
follows. Chapter one is concern with the introduction, which consist of the
(overview, of the study), historical background, statement of problem,
objectives of the study, research hypotheses, significance of the study, scope
and limitation of the study, definition of terms and historical background of
the study. Chapter two highlights the theoretical framework on which the study
is based, thus the review of related literature. Chapter three deals on the
research design and methodology adopted in the study. Chapter four concentrate
on the data collection and analysis and presentation of finding. Chapter five gives summary, conclusion, and
recommendations made of the study
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