TRENDS IN PRIMARY –SIX PUPILS ACHIEVEMENT CAUSES AND SOLUTIONS (A CASE STUDY OF ENUGU-EAST LOCAL GOVERNMENT AREA)
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TRENDS IN
PRIMARY –SIX PUPILS ACHIEVEMENT CAUSES AND SOLUTIONS (A CASE STUDY OF
ENUGU-EAST LOCAL GOVERNMENT AREA)
Abstract
This study investigated
the trends in primary-six pupils achievements: causes and solutions, in a case
study of Enugu East Local Government Area. It aims at identifying the trends,
causes and solutions to primary-six pupils academic performance in relation to
their FSLC examinations from 2000 to 2004. The instrument used to make the
research work a success include documentation, questionnaire and review of
materials already written by others. For instance, through documentation
pupils’ academic performances were collect from the six (6) selected primary
schools in Enugu East L.G.A., in the same manner, the questionnaire were
administered to only the primary-six teachers in three selected schools.
Documented data collected (pupil’s achievements) and the result of the questionnaire,
were further analyzed in the data analysis, it was discovered that some pupils
fare better than the other , also it discovered which subjects they perform
poorly or well, which year they perform better or worse, the number of pupils
that are qualified to be awarded FSLC in each year and it also revealed the
possible reasons and solutions to pupils’ poor academic performance. The study
recommended, among other that government should strive to attain her
educational goals as stipulated in NPE (2004), such as providing educational
services like counseling, educational resource centre, specialist teacher in
core curriculum subjects etc. However, the work was done in chapters and
chapter one deals with the introductory part of the work followed by background
of the study, statement of problem, purpose of the study, significance of the
study, scope of the study. Chapter two discuses the review of literature
already written by eminent authors on the topic or related topics. In chapter
three, the method adopted is explained. Chapter four deals with the data
presentation and analysis collected through documentation and questionnaire
finally, chapter five comprise the findings, summary, implications,
recommendation and conclusion.
TABLE OF
CONTENTS
Cover Page -
- - -
- - -
i
Title
Page- - -
- - -
- - ii
Certification
Page - -
- - -
- iii
Approval
Page - -
- - -
- - iv
Dedication -
- - -
- - -
v
Acknowledge -
- - -
- -
- vi
Table of
Contents - -
- - -
- vii
Abstract -
- - -
- - -
- x
CHAPTER ONE:
INTRODUCTION.
1.1 Background of the Study- -
- - 1
1.2 Statement of the Problem -
- - 7
1.3 Purpose of the Study -
- - -
7
1.4 Significance of the Study- -
- - 8
1.5 Scope of the Study -
- - -
- 9
1.6 Research Questions- -
- - -
9
CHAPTER TWO
2.0 Literature Review
2.1 Primary
School Core Curriculum- - 12
2.2 Roles of
these Core Curriculum Subjects in the
Society. -
- - -
- - -
- 20
2.3 Pupils
Academic Performance in the Core - -
Curriculum
- - -
- - -
- - 26
2.4 Causes
and Solution of Pupils Academic - -
Performance in their First School Leaving
Certificate. -
- - -
- - -
- 30
CHAPTER
THREE
3.0 Research Methods -
- - -
- 38
3.1 Research Design -
- - -
- 38
3.2 Sources of Data -
- - -
- 39
3.3 Population of the Study -
- - -
40
3.4 Sample and Sampling Techniques -
- 40
3.5 Instrument for Data Collection- -
41
3.6 Method of Data Collection and
Analysis - 42
3.7 Validity of the Instrument -
- - 42
3.8 Reliability of the Instrument -
- - 43
CHAPTER FOUR
4.0 Presentation and Analysis of Data -
- - 44
CHAPTER FIVE
5.1 Findings and Discussion -
- - -
- 53
5.2 Implications of the Findings -
- - -
58
5.3 Recommendation or Suggestion for
further
Studies- - -
- - -
- 59
5.4 Conclusion -
- - -
- - -
60
Reference -
- - -
- - -
62
Appendix -
- - -
- - -
64
CHAPTER ONE
Introduction
As our
primary schools sweep along on the incoming tide of new teaching techniques,
many teachers find that the old methods they have used in teaching and learning
are becoming increasingly inadequate.
This work is
an attempt to find out the trends in primary six pupils’ achievements, mostly
in their core curriculum. Core curriculum for primary education shall include:
mathematics, English language, primary science and health education – national
policy on Education (2004)
Background
of The Study
According to
oxford Advanced Learner’s dictionary (2001) “Trend” is a general direction in
which a situation is changing or developing. It is also to have for take a
general course or direction – The new international Webster’s comprehensive
dictionary of the English language (2004). It refers to recent or latest
development in a particular field or endeavor.
Primary
school pupils as referred to in National policy on Education (2004), is the
education given on institutions for children aged 6 to 11 plus. The significance
of this level of education cannot be over-emphasized, Adigun (2002) noted. She
concluded that it is the foundation upon which all other levels of education
are built. No wonder, World Education Encyclopedia Vol.3 (2002) asserted that
one of the government’s major concerns regarding primary education has been the
goal of upgrading the qualifications of elementary school teachers. These
efforts by the governmen5 may be to improve pupils’ achievements (academic
performance).
Academic performance, according to
google web definition chosen by voters (2010), refers to how students deal with
their studies and how they cope with or accomplish different tasks given to
them by their teachers. Academic performance of any child is very important.
That is possibly why, Ejili and Anyanwu (2006) asserted that academic
performance aids an individual to learn something worthwhile for a living.
Apparently,
the trends in primary six pupils’ achievements (academic performance) in first
school Leaving Certificate (FSLC) is viewed as the recent development in
education of pupils between the ages of 6 to 11 plus with reference to their
academic achievement particularly in relation to primary school subjects like
mathematics, English language, primary Science and health Education as core
curriculum subjects stipulate by National Policy on education (2004).
Mathematics, simply put, is Science of structure, order, number, space and quantity, Soyemi (2007)
asserted. The continued, it is a relationship which revolves around the
elementary practice of counting, measuring and describing of shapes and
objects. Mathematics is pre-requisite for the study of Sciences. It is the
father of Science said Attah (2006). Though some people still believe that
mathematics is the mother of Science but the issue at hand is the centrality of
mathematics in Science and technology and hence the inclusion of mathematics in
this study.
According to
Eze (2000), mathematics is a core subject in both primary and secondary schools
in Nigeria but amazingly it has become a masquerade in Nigeria today.
Possibly,
this mentality was gathered on the basis that mathematics is very hard to
understand. Eze (2000) also asserted that mathematics is a subject that has
been found to be feared and disliked by a lot of pupils and students. Adewoye
(2002) comments that pupils fail mostly the Science subjects in public
examinations, some even drop them not understanding that they are the basis of
strong foundation in Science and technology.
English Language is taught in primary
schools in Nigeria as stipulated by National Policy on Education (2004). This
possibly informed when Eneh-Onyejeli and Uchechukwu (2008) wrote that:
English
Language is the name of a course offered in schools, universities, and other
institutions. The aim of the course is to provide students with information
about the “knowledge and skill in the use of the language”.
This
expression, English language also refers to the name of a Language.
English
language is a second language in Nigeria, possibly because indigenous languages
could not serve as a national language. Sadly. In case of English Language,
pupils in some primary schools don’t know how to speak it because the language
is not our mother tongue. Though many people speak it and many don’t speak it
and some of those who claim to speak it do not know how to speak it. Another
set of pupils in some primary schools believe that they have known English
language because their parents may be teaching them the language at home. The
effect of ICT on English language study is understood differently by different
people. For example, some people argued that the birth of technology in Nigeria
brought blessing, while others say it has brought curse to them. This is
because pupils and students have form the habit of using improper spelling or
self invented vocabularies such as “sstr” for sister “sch’ for school, “dat”
for that, etc. to send emails, phone text messages to friend and siblings
across the country. These habits have stopped them from enhancing their
vocabulary in English Language. Today, some pupils and students don’t know how
to start letter writing, not talk of, knowing correct spellings. No doubt,
these may pose the reason for the inclusion of English Language in this study.
Primary Science is the branch of
science in which the rudiments of science subjects are taught – oxford Advanced
learner’s dictionary (2001). It is also the study of physical science and study
of living things, materials and physical processes, google web (2010) asserted.
As said earlier Adewoye (2002) comments that pupils fail mostly the Science
subjects (ie. Primary Science)in public examinations, some even drop them not
understanding that they are basis of strong foundation in science and
technology and hence the inclusion of primary science in this study.
According to google web definition
(2010), health education is the profession of educating people about health.
Areas within this profession encompasses environmental health, physical health,
social health, e motional health, intellectual health and spiritual health.
Odumusu, Amao-Kehinde, osifeso, Mbah, Eyetsemitan, Isiaka and manuwa (2004)
stated that it is the health conditions related to prevention of diseases. This
may informed the reason for the inclusion of health education in this study.
Pupils in
primary schools are advised to work hard to enhance their academic performances
because these core curriculum subjects
cannot be dodged in tertiary institutions level, and also they serve as the key
to success or failure of any student in course to be studied.
1.2 Statement Of Problem
Looking back
at the past decades, particularly between 2000 to 2004, and from these
backgrounds so far, the questions that agitate these researchers’ minds are:
i. How did the pupils fare in these
subject in their FSLC?
ii. Which of the subjects did they do
well or poorly?
iii. Which year did they perform better or
worse?
iv. How many pupils are qualified to be awarded
FSLC in each year?
v. What were possible reasons for pupils
poor or good achievements (academic performances) where they occurred?
vi. What are the possible ways of solving
these problems or improving on the good achievements?
1.3 Purpose Of The Study
The purpose
of this research is to find out the trends in primary six-pupil’ achievements
(academic performance) oftheir core curriculum: Causes and solutions and to
know exactly, the following:
i. The Pupils that fare in these
subjects in FSLC.
ii. The subjects that pupils do well or
poorly
iii. The year pupils perform better or
worse
iv. Total number of pupils that is
qualified to be awarded FSLC in each year.
v. The possible reasons for pupils’ poor
or good achievements (academic performance) where they occurred.
vi. The possible ways of solving these
problems or improving on the good achievements.
1.4 Significance Of The Study
This
research when completed and published will benefit the following individuals
and corporate bodies, Viz the researchers, younger students, teachers, primary
schools, curriculum planners, Local and State ministries of education and
parents or guardians. The researchers will benefit at the completion of this
study since the knowledge they will gain will be worthwhile.
Young
students and primary school pupils will benefit through the study of journals
in which these study may be put into at it’s completion. They will know exactly
the trends in primary-six pupil academic performance between 2000 – 2004.
Teachers, Local and State government, ministries, and parents or guardians will
benefit through the study of this work at it’s completion. That is, they will
get to know the answers to the questions asked in the statement of problem, and
also its possible solutions.
1.5 Scope of the Study
The scope of
this research is focused on the trends in primary-six pupils’ achievements
(academic performance) in first school leaving Certificate (FSLC) subject such
as in mathematics, English language, primary science and health education from
2000-2004.
A case study
of Enugu East local Government Area, Enugu State.
1.6 Research Question
i. How did
the pupils fare in these subjects in their FSLC?
ii. Which of
the subjects did they do well or poorly?
iii. Which
year did they perform better or worse than others?
iv. How many
pupils are qualified to be awarded FSLC in each year?
v. What are
possible reasons for pupils poor or good achievements (academic performance)
where they occurred?
vi. What are
the possible ways of solving these problems or improving on the good
achievements?
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