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FACTORS THAT
INFLUENCE CHOICE OF CAREER AMONG SECONDARY SCHOOL STUDENTS
CHAPTER ONE
INTRODUCTION
Background
of the study
Career
development for most people is a life long process of engaging the work world
through choosing among career choices made available to them.
Paslorelli,
[2001] stressed that individuals undertaking the process is influenced by many
factors, including the context in which
they live their personal aptitudes , and educational attainment. Rapid changes
in information and communication technologies, increasing globalization and
greater competition are contributing to dramatic change in working life, which
do not have anything to do with an individual career, the concept of a job for
life is no longer a reality.
Young people
are now looking for work life balance in their lives. They want to maintain the
best balance between the hours they spent in paid work and the time devoted to
other roles in their lives such as leisure, home and family life. Gordon (1997)
stressed on the significance of early, career interaction in secondary school.
She added that three are a lot of concern about personal counseling but much
less concern are paid to helping students to the process of making vocationally
choices. According to Hansen, (1996) everyone seems to have a story to tell
regarding their career paths. For instance an adult is ask about their career
development, the answer will be that he just get into that job or he was in the
right place at the right time or he wanted to engage the other job before I
change my mind to join the other job. However it is worthy of note to state
that it is easy to elicit an answer from a group of enthusiastic children when
asked what they want to become when they group up, through if similar question
is posed to secondary school students, some will carefully provide an answer,
while others may say, that they were not yet sure of what to be in future.
Hayes,
(1997) stressed that the uncertainty of career choice confusion among the
secondary school students remains a constant challenge therefore it would be
seem natural that an important component of early career development
intervention during those exploratory and transitional stages would be fully
investigated to determine those factors that determined the choice of a career
among secondary school students. The American counseling association. ( ACA)
1998 stated the importance of secondary school students been preferred for the
world of work as they enter a period of transition from secondary school career
guidance programme should be based in assisting the students in career choice.
Heir(1995)
added that secondary school students are really influenced by external forces.
It was also suggested by the counselors that there are internal factors such as
personal identity, self esteem, decision making, style, as well as the
development tasks to be accomplished. Hartung, ( 1995) stressed on the
importance of both early instructions and the continued efforts in the career
choice, the point here is not for the secondary school students to only make a
decision a particular job they would like to join after schooling, but it is to
fully participate in a process that would assist in preparing a foundation that
could promote bright future. Kapes(1998) presents the steps or stages of
introducing career choice which he summed up as follows, introducing career
awareness activities in elementary grades, career exploration in middle grade
and career preparation in secondary schools. Since choosing a career has an
important role to play is ones life, there are needs to encompass the processes
involved in better choice of career in secondary schools to enable the
secondary school students to lay useful foundations for the future.
Statement of
the Problem
A major
turning point in adolescent lives involves the career choice they make while in
secondary school. Frequently, it is viewed by family and community as a mere start to work place readiness,
however, this decision plays a major role in establishing youth in a career
path that opens as well as close opportunities.
Purpose Of
The Study
The main
purpose underlying this study are:
1) To what extent do parents role influence the
choice of career among the secondary school students.
2) To what extent do the teachers roles
influence the career choice of the students in secondary school.
3) To what extent do inadequacy of career
counseling affects the choice of career among the secondary school students.
4) To what extent do peer group influence the
choice of career among secondary school students.
Scope Of The
Study
This
research work covers the secondary schools in Onitsha South Local Government
Area, Anambra State. Thus, there are total numbers of fifteen approved
secondary schools (both and public and secondary schools).
In the course of the research, some
limitations were encountered.One of them is that time frame of the work was
quite short. Secondary school, it was not easily to obtain all the information
necessary for the work. It was as a result of insufficient finances needed for
the work as well as the lack of documentation of some basic information.
This not
withstanding, the researcher was able to obtain information covering five
secondary schools, which is enough for reliable estimate using randomization
method.
These
schools are as follows
1) Urban Boys Secondary school, Onitsha
2) Urban Girls Secondary School, Onitsha
3) Christ the King College, Onitsha
4) Chukwurah High School, Onitsha
5) Metu Boys Secondary Schools, Onitsha
Significance
of Study
This study
is going to be of benefit of the following sets of people:
1) The Government: It will enable the government
to understand the importance of posting a career counsellor to the secondary
schools.
2) The students: The study will help the
students adjust to better career choice if they have chosen a wrong one, and
also enable the students to know the impact of making a correct career choice
decision in secondary schools level.
3) The parents: The study will enable the
parents encompass career choice while teaching their children because formal
education starts from the parents.
4) The teachers: The study will enable the
teachers to know roles they are to play in student lives as regard career
choice.
Research
Questions
The
following research questions are formulated to guide the study:
1) To what Extent do parents role influence the
choice of career among the secondary school students.
2) To what Extent do the teachers role influence
the students career choice.
3) To what Extent do inadequacy of career
counseling affect the choice of career among the secondary school students.
4) To what Extent do peer group influence the
choice among secondary school students.
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