INFLUENCE OF DATING AND PREMARITAL SEX ON ACADEMIC ACHIEVEMENT OF SENIOR SECONDARY SCHOOLS IN NIGERIA (A CASE STUDY OF ABIA STATE)
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INFLUENCE OF
DATING AND PREMARITAL SEX ON ACADEMIC ACHIEVEMENT OF SENIOR SECONDARY SCHOOLS
IN NIGERIA (A CASE STUDY OF ABIA STATE)
CHAPTER ONE
INTRODUCTION
BACKGROUND
TO THE STUDY
Dating and
pre-marital sex has given birth to ceaseless questions, being known as a
practice that is hugely affected by the time, period, social conditions,
construct, biology, cultural nuns and institutional frame that wraps around the
people. Dating is an act that is practiced and known by too many people, but
just a few are acquainted by or knows the exact meaning. Apparently, it is an
activity that a good number of college aged students are interested and engaged
in. According to Longman English Dictionary of Contemporary English, dating is
a romantic relationship with someone. Another dictionary, Collins Dictionary
defined dating as appointment between two different sexes or more. Talking of
Pre-marital sex, it means having sexual intercourse with the opposite sex
before marriage or at an illegal age. According to Mache (1981), the young zest
or desire for love and to be love as a result of peer-pressure oftentimes leads
to premarital sex, and it is perceived by youth as fun, way of life and that
when you really like someone, you show it by having sex and it is a natural
thing to desire to be intimate.
Over the
years, researches have been done on premarital sex and have been unveiled that
youth, specifically the girls engage in sex before marriage because they want
to know how well or bad their partner is in bed, etc, though it is not
biblical. A good percent of both male and female presume that having sex proved
your man-hood or womanhood. This has led many into this practice because they
do not want to be seen as the odd one.They fall for the pressure to experience
what sexual relationship is like. Years back, Psychologists found out that
there are two reasons to a person falling in love. The first step is from the
desire to escape; the second is from internal discontent, grows the desire and
ability to fall in love with another person. On the other hand, differentiating
between welfare while immature love explicit the beloved in other to satisfy
his/her needs.
In resent
times, dating was informal, people involved in the actneed not to be formal
with each other but nowadays, the youths introduced the policies of dating.
Cars also have a significant effect on dating and premarital sex. Once you have
a car, you and your so called spouse will have more privacy and intimacy away
from the sharp eyes and mouths of onlookers. Studies showed that from 1960’s till
date, there have been some huge changes. Dating a female has had a huge effect
on dating and premarital sex, power is now being bestowed on woman, they now
realize they are more than just a wife but also a human being. The introduction
and implementation of birth control measures maximizes the rate of premarital
sex. The average age to start having sexual intercourse ranges between 13 and
14, Moone (1992) for males and females, another researcher reported that 85% of
males and 69% of females have engaged in dating and premarital sex.
Sociologists noted that the concept of a romantic love did not ever exist due
to industrial revolution of 18th and 19th century. After the industrial
revolution, people did not rely on one another as much to survive when idea of
romantic love first came into existence. Dating at a young age is characterized
by youth of nowadays; nowadays it is seen as fun and is practiced for a
companionship rather than a serious activity for the purpose of finding a
lifelong partner. Most girls and boys are not opportune or fortunate to be born
into a family were the parents will shower them with so much love that they
won’t rely on a man’s/girl’s confession of love to him/her to feel loved, this
alone or single handedly lures 95% of youths into the act of dating which
frequently leads to premarital sex.
The media
have a direct influence on dating habit and views about the opposite sex. Male
controlled media have enhanced an environment in which to define woman as sex
object Ollenburger and Moore (1992), movies and television serve to create and
maintained social beliefs about the sex. There are many biological factors that
helps determined ones dating habits, biological make-up, as well as chemical
actions plays a major role in who one is attracted to. There isn’t much
information on how they work, but hormones are known to be a leading factor in
establishing sex drive. A study of love attractiveness and sex drive carried
out by Wilson and Nins (1976) pointed out that “Sex drives are chemical release
by the gonalds and other glands circulates through the blood back to brain,
they influence our biological readiness for production attractiveness to
potential partners and receptiveness to them. Another chemical that affect
dating and pre-marital sex is a aphrodisiacs. It enhance sexual desire, some of
these substances are Caviar, Oysters, BV Vitamins E, and Chocolate. All
unfounded claim”. The timing of sexual initiations and subsequent sensual
behaviour is influence by many factors such as;
Parental
Influence
Marital and
child bearing of parents acting as a role model, including experience of
divorce, living arrangement and behaviour towards the opposite sex have been
identified as being impacted (Ostrov et al., 1985) Girls from single parent
families tend to become sexually active, however, it is not dear if lack of
supervision of behaviour modeling is at the core.
Parental
Supervision
Parental
supervision has impact on adolescent girls but not so much on a male child.
Fingeman (1989) non authoritarian parenting has been found to be associated
with non virginity I n youth as a result of permissiveness and no parental
support. Parental attitude and view. Moore et al., (1991) found that parents
who strong traditional views about pre-marital sex and communicated some to
their children were the only group able to infleucen their children’s sexual
behaviour.
Relationship
with the family: Lack of attentive and nurturing parent is linked to early
sexual activity and unplanned teenage pregnancies peer association is closely
linked with low academic performance; Ohanession and Crackett (1993) suggested
that academic achievement by girls predicted postponed sexual activity.
Educational
goals have been identified as impacting on sexual activity with high achievers
having lower rate of dating and pre-marital sex, amongst male and female
students of urban and rural areas.
However,
educational factors are often mediated by other influence such as coming from a
well to do family and having plans for the future peer association has been
indicated as one of the strongest predictors of adolescent sexual
behaviourDiablasio and Benda (1999) stated that youth who do not engage in sex,
while those that are sexually active tend to believe that their friends are
sexually active as well. Everyone has a system a sexual sensors consisting of
specialized nerves ending that responds to sexual stimulus all over the body,
sexual arousal or excitement may begin with sex related though, felling arousal
or touching or even smell.
The purpose
of sex education therefore is to provide students with adequate knowledge of
their own physical, mental and emotional maturation process as related to sex.
The knowledge of sex education would eliminate fear and anxiety to individual
sexual adjustment and therefore help him/her to develop an understanding
attitude sexual promiscuity, teenage regency; normal abortion and school
dropout. There are all effect of dating and premarital sex which originated
from lack of sex education which subsequently affect academic performance,
there’s need for counseling which would produce behaviour change.
STATEMENT OF
THE GENERAL PROBLEM
There is a
link between sexual activities and academic performance, as the world changes,
so do our lives, this is true of dating and pre-marital sex; one can observe
the drastic changes in dating, rituals and pre-marital sex.
A
sexologist, Tiefer (1995) stated that sex is not a natural act, Wilson and Nias
(1976) also stated that sex hormones are increase when the brain is confronted
by sexual arousing stimuli and decrease when confronted with fear, anxiety,
stress. This is probably because hormone secreted is controlled by the
pituitary gland which has connections to the hypothalam us’ in the brain,
pheromones is another chemical that plays important role dating.
These
hormones help to regulate and control female menstrual cycle, which in turn
affected ovulation, emotion, performances and hormonal level in the body. When
these happen, they become seemingly comfortable to express their feelings
toward each other, if the youths are allowed to interact romantically without
supervision by parents, it will certainly affect their academic performance.
Because of
the possible out-come, from it premarital sex and dating evolving from the
youth, failure to discuss that issue of sex and sexuality education with our
children, leads to them dating secretly because of the natural tendency to do
so coupe with environmental factors. These secrecy and taboos surrounding the
issue of sex leads to high incidence of teenage sexual tragedies, dating and
pre-marital sex involve the emotional, physical, social, psychological and
educational, aspect of the individual health wise, it may lead to STDs,
HIV/AIDs, some student use the academic for love talks, outing and seeking for
the seemingly happiness of each other. This type of relationship will certainly
affect academic performance thereby leading dropping out from school.
This
unfortunate situation abounds among urban and rural secondary schools students
and certainly needs counseling intervention to redress such ugly trend. Against
this background, the study investigates effects of dating and pre-marital sex
on academic performances of urban and rural students.
AIMS AND
OBJECTIVES OF THE STUDY
The purpose
of the study was to investigate the effect of dating and pre-marital sex on
academic performance of students in urban and rural secondary school
specifically; the study has the following objectives:
1. To
examine the influence of sex education on pre-marital sex of students.
2. To assess
the difference in pre-marital sex between urban and rural students.
3. To also
determine the relationship between pre-marital sex and academic performance of
students.
RESEARCH
QUESTIONS
The
following research questions guides the study:
1. Does sex
education have any influence on pre-marital sex?
2. Does any
difference exist between urban and rural students in their pre-marital sex activities.
3. Does any
relationship exist between pre-marital sex and academic performance of
students.
RESEARCH
HYPOTHESES
H0: Dating
and pre marital sex does not have an influence on academic achievement of
senior secondary school students.
H1: Dating
and pre marital sex have an influence on academic achievement of senior
secondary school students.
SIGNIFICANCE
OF THE STUDY
It is
expected that the study will be beneficial to parent s, students, educators,
government and others in general. The study suggests that “all information and
help regarding sex education should be given to students as it relates to the
provision of factual knowledge about male/female reproductive structures,
functions, structural charged and the process of reproduction.
Secondly,
the study will help the Government consider the inductive sexs education in the
school curriculum.
Thirdly, it
is a known fact that no one can stop young people from having sex, hence the
need for comprehensive sex education as this will provide opportunity for
questions explorations and assessment of their sexual attitudes.
Lastly, it
will help young people to develop interpersonal skills in communication
decision making, assertiveness and peer refusal skills as well as the ability
to create a satisfying relationship in adolescent and adulthood thereby
preventing teenage sexual tragedies.
SCOPE OF THE
STUDY
The study
was delimited to the effect of pre-marital sex academic performance of urban
rural secondary school. Students in Ikot Abasi Local Government Area. It does
not include students in tertiary or primary institution the generation the
study therefore be for the secondary school students only.
LIMITATION
OF THE STUDY
The only
limitation to the study was time factor to have reached out to all Secondary
Schools in Ikot Abasi Local Government Area.
1.9
ASSUMPTIONS OF THE STUDY
1. It is
assumed that pre-marital sexs has a lot of influence on academic performance of
students.
2. Parents
assume that young people walking together always may lead to pre-marital sexs.
3. It is
generally assumed that others similar to oneself will be more pivotal as a
source of influence.
DEFINITION
OF TERMS
• Dating: To
have a romantic relationship with someone.
•
Pre-marital sex: Having sexual intercourse before marriage.
• Sex/sexual
intercourse: The activity in which male and female join their sexual organs to
create a body or for pleasure.
•
Assertiveness: Behaving in a confident way so that people notice you.
•
Assessment: a process in which you make a judgment about a person or situation.
•
Exploration: An examination or discussion of something to find out more about
it.
• Sexuality:
The things that people do and feel that are connected with their desire or
ability to have sexs.
• Exploit:
To treat someone unfairly in order to get or an advantage of yourself.
• Industrial
revolution: The period especially in the 18th to 19th centuries when machines
were invented and the first factory established.
• Feminism:
The belief that woman should haves the same rights and opportunities as men.
• Ritual:
Something that is don in fixed and expected was but without real meaning or
sincerity.
• Sexology:
A person who studies sexual behaviour especially among humans.
• Romantic:
Showing strong feeling of love and like; doing things that are connected with
love.
•
Obligation: A moral or legal duty to do something.
• Cradle: To
hold something gentle in your hands or arms.
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