AVAILABILITY OF LABORATORY FACILITIES FOR EFFECTIVE TEACHING – LEARNING OF MATHEMATICS, INTEGRATED SCIENCE AND COMPUTER SCIENCE IN JUNIOR SECONDARY SCHOOLS
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AVAILABILITY
OF LABORATORY FACILITIES FOR EFFECTIVE TEACHING – LEARNING OF MATHEMATICS,
INTEGRATED SCIENCE AND COMPUTER SCIENCE IN JUNIOR SECONDARY SCHOOLS
ABSTRACT
The primary
objective of this research work was to determine the availability of laboratory
facilities for effective teaching and learning of Mathematics, Integrated
Science and Computer Science in Junior Secondary Schools in Enugu North L.G.A
Enugu State, Nigeria. The descriptive
survey research method was used for the study and data were analyzed
descriptively using simple percentages.
The results of the study reveal that school principals’ negative
administrative styles and the inadequacy of duration/time allotted to health
instruction in the schools were critical factors that affects health
instruction in Enugu North L.G.A State Secondary Schools. The study equally show that lack of
laboratory facilities, lack of relevant textbooks, pamphlets and posters were
factors central to the poor state of education in Junior Secondary School in
Enugu North L.G.A. Based on the
findings, we made several recommendations including the need for school
authorities in Enugu North L.G.A to provide relevant and modern textbooks, pamphlets, posters, computers and
other related instructional materials. It was also recommended that the State
Ministry of Education should help in enhancing the tenets of education by
employing more experienced teachers in the Inspectorate Division of the
Ministry had been assigned the responsibility of visiting the schools regularly
in order to ensure that the schools, students and teachers are adequately implementing and
using those facilities.
CHAPTER ONE
INTRODUCTION
In Nigeria
as well as in other countries, education is perceived as a tool for
socio-economic and political developments and as such it is accorded the
necessary attention. This position is
amplified in the Nigerian National Policy on Education, which stated that
education is an instrument par excellence for effecting national
development, (The National Policy of
Education, 2004). It is added further
that education shall continue to be highly rated in the national development
plans because education is the most important instrument of change and that any
fundamental change in the intellectual and social outlook of any society has to
be preceded by educational revolution.
Recent study
by Jekayinka (1998), Suleman Atiku (1997), Ajayi and Ayodele (2001), proved
that adequate supply of instructional resources has significant effects on
student’s performances and enhances the effectiveness of instructional delivery
and supervision.
However,
there seems to be in Nigerian schools an alarming shortage and even complete
absence of labouratory facilities. UNESCO (1998), further stressed that
monitoring of learning achievement report on the available instructional materials and facilities in the
960 sample secondary schools across the country revealed. An
NUC report as cited by ESCO (1998) stated that
academic and physical facilities were in the deplorable states with
insufficient lectures theaters/hall, laboratories and so on.
Thus, one begins to wonder how some of these
universities scale the accreditation hurdle.
That is why Ijaiya (2001) opined that the quality of education being
provided for the Nigerian child has become of concern and lamented on the rot
in the educational system. Also, Adeyemi
and Igbenewaka (2001) observed that mismatch between growing enrolment and
provision of facilities especially in respect of seats for students leads to
overcrowding. He added that overcrowding
creates undue stress on available space and results in the creation of rowdy behaviours,
hanging outside the classrooms, and absence from activities around school
premises. All these have negative
effects on teaching and learning process.
Scope/Delimitation
This
research work concentrated mainly on Enugu North Local Government Area in our
case study. We also selected some few
schools where we conducted most of our
interview and shared our questions.
Enugu North Local Government Area is
one of the 17 Local Government Areas in Enugu State. Administratively, Enugu State is divided
into 17 Local Government Areas. But
politically, they are three zones in the local Government, namely: Enugu North,
Enugu South and Enugu West. The highly
cosmopolitan nature of Enugu State is a major boast to high presence of many
academic institutions both private and public, and is all categorized into
primary, Junior and Senior Secondary and Tertiary levels of education.
This however does not mean that these
academic places are out of the loop in terms of academic infrastructure,
especially the laboratory facilities.
STATEMENT OF
PROBLEM
The role of
mathematics in the development of science and technology in modern economy
cannot be over emphasized.
This role is multifaceted and
multifarious that no area of science and technology escapes its application
(Okereke, 2006)
Ukaeje (1989) described mathematics
and the basic sciences as the mirrow or
civilization and the most basic discipline for any person who would be truly
educated an any science.
Despite the importance place on these
basic sciences, researchers (Odili, 1886) Salan, 1985; Amazigo 2000; Agwagah,
2001, had observed that students lack interest in the thee subjects and perform
poorly in them. For instance, (Ukeje
1986) observed that mathematics is one of the most poorly taught widely hated
and abysmally, understood subject in secondary schools.
The West African Examination Council
(WAEC) Chief Examiner (2003, 2004, 2005 and 2006) consistently reported
candidates lack of skill in answering question in General mathematics in
particular and the Basic sciences in general.
To buttress his argument, he reported
that most candidates avoided questions on 3-dimensional problems, when they
attempt geometry question; only few of the candidates showed a clear
understanding of the problem in their working.
Although (Okigbo and Oguafor 2008)
have carried out research on the effect of mathematics laboratory on the
achievement of mathematics students, it is not certain how many of these
schools have these mathematics laboratory or laboratories for the science
subjects. We therefore need to adapt to
the fast changing computer age.
Consequently evidence of poor
performance in mathematics basic science and computer by secondary school students point to the
fact that the most desired technological, scientific and business applications cannot be sustained.
The study is therefore designed to
find out the availability mathematics or otherwise computer and Integrated
Science Laboratories in JSS in Enugu North LGA of Enugu State.
It is also designed to find out the
extent for which these Laboratories are equipped where they exist.
Purpose of
the study
The
importance of this study is that it will help to identify the availability of
laboratory facilities in Junior Secondary Schools as well as the impact these
facilities have on the effective teaching and learning of Mathematics,
Integrated Science and Computer. It will
also analyze critically some factors that affect individual performance of
students in the selected schools.
Finally, the
researcher proffers solution for those that will read and implement the work.
Significance
of the study
The
importance of this study is that it will help to identify the availability of
laboratory facilities for effective teaching and learning of Mathematics, Integrated
Science and Computer Science in Enugu North Local Government Area of Enugu
State. This study would also help to
provide some information for curriculum designers and classroom teachers in
order to utilize facilities provided for them and other relevant approaches to
enhance meaningful learning of Mathematics, Integrated Science and Computer
Science by students. Thus, the knowledge
of students’ cognitive style and attitude would be very useful in both academic
and career enhancement. The finding from
this study is expected to serve as guides for the educated policy makers
towards ensuring that adequate educational facilities are provided in Enugu
state.
Research
Questions
The
following research questions were raised:
Is there any
adequate facility for effective teaching and learning of mathematics,
integrated science in Enugu North Local Government Area?
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