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THE
IMPEDIMENT OF REVENUE GENERATION
CHAPTERONE
INTRODUCTION
Internally
Generated Revenue (IGR) is the revenue that the local government generates
within the area of its jurisdiction. The primary source of local government
sustenance is from Federal Allocation. It is the livewire of a local
government. The extent to which a local government can go in accomplishing its
goal will largely depend on its IGR strength. The capacity of local government
to generate revenue internally is one very crucial consideration for the
creation of a local council. But various studies as Akindele and Obiyan,(2002),
Ekpo and Ndebbio(1998), have shown that local governments in Nigeria depend
solely on statutory allocations from the federal government. In recent times
though, there have been dwindling pattern in the federal allocation because
most of the federal government revenue is from petroleum proceeds. There is
less demand for petroleum in the world as other developed nations of the world
are shifting away from petroleum as source of energy to other sources such as
gas, solar energy e.t.c. Then the onus lies on the local government to work on
their internal revenue efforts to be able to accomplish its goals in the local
community. Local governments now face more challenges in terms of struggling to
be less dependent on the Federal and the state governments for financial
resources. Though, the revenue allocation system mandates that a certain
fraction of the Federation Account be allocated to local governments, these
funds are not enough to meet expenditure requirements. This is because the size
of the account is related to revenue from oil which is subject to fluctuations
and the expenditures of local government far exceed available resources. The
problem of lack of fiscal transparency as a result of mismanagement of funds,
corruption, poor internal control and lackadaisical attitude to government work
and property still abounds. The question that comes to mind is that if the
statutory allocation is not forthcoming, if oil is de-emphasized in the economy
what would be the lot of local governments? How are they to survive if this
should occur?
1.1 BACKGROUND OF THE STUDY
Orewa
(1986:180), in his book titled “Local Government Finance in Nigeria”, described
and discussed various sources of revenue open to local governments and problems
in the collection and management of their finance. Such problems are-shortage
of trained manpower, ignorance of the councilors over their duties and
non-commitment to duty on the part of the staff and councilors alike. Adediji
(1979:87) , blames poor internal revenue generation of local government on the
following reasons
a. Lack of
proper structure
b. Low
quality of staff and
c. Lack of
mission and comprehensive functional role. According to him, these problems
lead the local government into vicious circle of poverty. This is due to the
fact that inadequate funding results in employment of low skilled and poorly
paid staff. Bello- Iman (1990:134), in the same vein states that “ the major
constraint to internal revenue generation in local government is the shortage
of well trained and qualified personnel which supposed to serve as tool for
collection of taxes and rates at the local level”. According to him, even the
few available are not properly trained in efficient budgetary and financial
Management systems. Also most of the local governments are short-staffed to
carry out their duties”. R.A (1959:89), noted that “poor auditing has
contributed immensely to problem of internal revenue generation of local
governments”. According to him, “local governments should have a means of
ascertaining whether it’s financial operation is properly conducted, this can
only be done through audit”. Therefore the research seeks to investigate the
impediment of revenue generation in Eket local government.
1.2
STATEMENT OF THE PROBLEM
The local
government is the third tier of government which largely depend on the federal
and state government for subventions and allocations for the administration and
development of the local communities. However it is expected that local
government generate internal revenue to augment the revenue received from the
state and federal government especially in the face of the dwindling and lean
federal and state government revenue. For there to be a local government, it
must be ready and be seen to be able to meet its obligations through internal
sources. However this is far from what is obtained in practice hence the gross
dependence on statutory allocations from the federation account. Then the onus
lies on the local government to work on their internal revenue. Adediji
(1979:87), blames poor internal revenue generation of local government on the
following reasons; Lack of proper structure; Low quality of staff and Lack of
mission and comprehensive functional role. According to him, these problems
lead the local government into vicious circle of poverty. This is due to the
fact that inadequate funding results in employment of low skilled and poorly
paid staff. Therefore the problem confronting this research is to investigate
the impediment of revenue generation in Eket local government.
1.3 OBJECTIVE OF THE STUDY
1 To
determine the nature of Revenue generation in local government Areas
2 To
determine the impediments to Revenue generation in the local government areas
3 To
determine the impediments of Revenue generation in Eket local government Area
1.4 RESEARCH QUESTIONS
1 What is
the nature of Revenue generation in the local Government Area?
2 What is
the nature of impediments of Revenue generation in the local Government Area?
3 What is
the nature of the impediments of Revenue Generation in Eket local government
Area?
1.5 SIGNIFICANCE OF THE STUDY
The study
shall proffer a structural appraisal of the nature of Revenue generation in the
local government Area.
It shall
analyze the nature of the impediment of Revenue generation in the local
government Area
The study
shall provide significant information on issues of Revenue generation and its
impediments in the local government Area.
1.6 STATEMENT OF HYPOTHESIS
1 Ho Revenue
generation in Eket is low
Hi Revenue generation in Eket is high
2 Ho The impediments to revenue generation
in Eket is low
Hi The impediments to Revenue
generation in Eket is high
3 Ho The effect of the impediments on
revenue in Eket is low
Hi The effect of the impediment on
revenue in Eket is high
1.7 SCOPE OF THE STUDY
The study is
focused on the appraisal of the impediment of revenue generation in Eket local
government.
1.8 DEFINITION OF TERMS
INTERNAL
GENERATED REVENUE.
Internally
Generated Revenue (IGR) is the revenue that the local government generates
within the area of its jurisdiction. The primary source of local government
sustenance is from Federal Allocation. It is the livewire of a local
government. The extent to which a local government can go in accomplishing its
goal will largely depend on its IGR strength. The capacity of local government
to generate revenue internally is one very crucial consideration for the
creation of a local council.
FINANCIAL
AUTONOMY DEFINED
Financial
Autonomy is literally defined as to be self-governing in matters of money. It
is a right or the power to engage in certain actions without externally imposed
restraints and interference.
REVENUE
GENERATION
Revenue
generation entails generating and exploring all the sources of revenue for the
local councils. Internally revenue generating sources as we have mentioned
earlier are those sources by which the local government raise revenue
constitutionally aside from the statutory allocation and government grants to
local governments. The extent to which these revenue sources can yield to the
benefit of the local government council depends on the ability and vibrancy of
the local government leadership
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