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THE IMPACT
OF WORK ENVIRONMENT ON EMPLOYEE’S PERFORMANCE
CHAPTER ONE
INTRODUCTION
1.1 BACKGROUND OF THE STUDY
Working
environment plays an important role towards the
employees ‘performance.
Working
environment is argued to impact immensely on employees’ performance either towards negative or the positive
outcomes (Chandrasekar2001).
Every
organization, either big or small is set up mainly for the attainment of some
goals and objectives. People are
therefore organized because there are certain common tasks to be performed or
goals to be achieved. Thus, it become
very imperative to create a conducive atmosphere in the work environment in
order to attain the maximum productivity of workers employed. That is to say both human and materials
resources have to be well managed in order to attain the desire result of the
organization.
Many factors could be linked or
responsible for worker’s effectiveness in an industrial organization. These ranges from working condition, cultural
effect, work incentive, physical fitness, environmental factors, skill and many
others. However conducive work
environment plays a very important and prominent role in the effectiveness of
workers despite the barriers that affects the performance of workers in any
organizations.
The effect of work environment
enables the workers to be more effective in the performance of their allotted
task. Works environment can also be
described as organization climate, which is somewhat like personality of a
person. The perceptions which people
have of that climate produce its images in their minds some organization are
bustling and effective, while some are easygoing some are quite human and other
are hard and cold.
It is important to know the
impression workers have of the organization environment with which they work,
it also imperative to know the extent to which people are treated as human
beings rather than cogs in a machine. It
is logical to expect that not all individual will have the same view of that
environment. Some will see it as
authorities and not conducive while others may see it as democratic and
conclusive.
Industrial workers are mostly eager
to get the best type of work environment in terms of health and safety, salary,
first aid and favourable leadership style in order to meet their ends and
sustain a living. Workers also want to
maximize their income and not production capacity. This is why it become very necessary to
create a conducive worker environment to ensure the effectiveness of the
workers.
1.2 STATEMENT OF THE PROBLEM
Workers are
discouraged if their conditions are not improved and as such they are not
motivated and satisfied to bring out their best in the discharge of their
duties. As a result of the
ineffectiveness of the workers in industrial work place our country is lagging
behind a lot when to other advanced countries. Some of these problems are;
Ø Non-availability of protective equipment in
cases for workers.
Ø Non-availability of five precautions in cases
of fire outbreak.
Ø Non-availability of health care facilities
such as clinic to take care of worker’s health
Ø Lack of motivation is also an identified
problem where employees are not being motivated.
There are
also problem of work related injuries and illness, which events or exposures in
the environment that caused or contributes to the condition or significantly,
aggravated a pre-existing condition.
Records able
cases include work-related injuries and illness hat result in death, loss of
consciousness, day away from work, significant work related injustices or
illness that are diagnosed by a physician on other licensed health care,
chronic irreversible diseases, any fractured on cracked bone or a punctured
eardrum, etc.
Occasional
illness also include, skin disease or disorders which illness including the
worker’s skin that are caused by work exposure to chemical, plants or other job
substances examples contact Dermatitis, Eczema or rash caused by primary
irritant blisters chronic ulcer inflammation of the skun, etc.
Respiration
conditions are illness associated with breathing hazardous biological agents,
chemical dust, gasses, vapour or fumes at work.
Examples are silicosis, tuberculosis, occupation asthma, reactics
airways dysfunction lung beryllium disease.
Obstructive pulmonary disease (COOD) hypersensitive peritonitis toxic
inhalation injury such as metal fume fever chronic bronchitis and
pneumoconiosis.
Poisoning:
includes disorders evidenced by abnormal concerti’s of toxic substance in
blood, other tissues, other bodily fluids on the breath that are caused by the
ingestion or absorption of toxic substances into the body. Example poisoning be lead, mercury, cadmium,
arsenic or other metal poisoning by injective sprays such as parathion or
leadasenate poison by other chemicals such as formulae hydes.
Hearing
loss: Noise induced loss for records
keeping in charge in hearing threshold relative to the baseline audiogram of an
average of 10db or more in either ear at 2.000.3.000 and 4.000. hartez and the
employees total level is 25decible (db) or more above the audiometric zero also
average at 2.000.3.000 and 4.000 hartz in the same ear(s).
Other
occupation illness: Examples are heat
stroke, heat exhaustion, heat stress and other effects of environmental heat,
freezing frostbite and other effect of exposure to low temperature,
decompression sickness effect of ionizing radiation (isotopes x-ray) radium
effects of no ionizing radiation (welding flash, ultraviolet rays lesser)
anthracic blood borne pathogenic disease such as AIDS, HIV, Hepatitis B or
Hepatitis Brucellosis, malignant or being tumors histoplasmosis
Coccidomycosis. Apart from all the
occupational illness and injuries that effect the productivity of workers in
the work environment, there is loan occupational problem that is inevitable
which is the leadership or supervisory style.
The
supervisory or leadership that is used in work environment would be a leader
with an autocratic of leadership does not wants to know the problem of the
workers he might also have a nonchalant attitude towards the performance of his
workers. And all these ultimately effect
the effectiveness of his workers in the industrial workplace.
Many
scholars have been so interested in this areas of study. This was the idea of Danvan (1971) in his
view. Research findings indicate that at
least, in pray industrialized societies a democratic style of supervision
leadership achieves better results than a autocratic style. This various problems that effect the work
environment and also the work has to be understood by the management also the
conditions that could enhance their level of performance capacity.
1.3 PURPOSE OF THE STUDY
The purpose
of this study is to help gain more insight about the effect of worker
environment which is the purposed to be conducive in order for the workers to
carryout their duties effectively.
The objectives of the study are
stated as follows:
i. To evaluate the effect of
non-availability of productive equipment in the performance of workers in
Nigeria Bottling Company.
ii. To ascertain whether extensive fire
precaution facilities and manual in factories can induce the falling of better
safety among the workers hence improve performance.
iii. To determine the effectiveness of health
care facilities such as first aid in the factory and clinic on employee
productivity.
iv. To look indepth into the extent of impact of
workers in an industrial organization like Nigeria bottling Company.
1.4 RESEARCH QUESTION
i.
Does provision of health facilities motivates workers to higher
productivity?
ii.
Does provision of safety facilities in the workplace induce better
security and better performance?
iii.
Does motivation of employee affect the in productivity?
iv.
Does non-availability of protective equipment affect the performance of
workers of Nigeria Bottling Company
1.5 RESEARCH HYPOTHESIS
In this
research work, the following set of hypothesis are to be investigated and
analysed.
i.
H0: Availability of health
facilities motivate workers to higher productivity
H1: Availability of health facilities
motivate worker to higher productivity
ii.
H0: Provision of safety
facilities in the workplace does not induce better security and better
performance among Nigeria Bottling Company workers.
H1: Provision of safety facilities in the
workplace induce better security and better performance among Nigeria Bottling
Company workers.
iii.
H0: Inadequate and
inappropriate motivation is not a major factors that affects productivity in
Nigeria Bottling Company
H1: Inadequate and inappropriate motivation
is not a major factors that affects productivity in Nigeria Bottling Company
1.6 SIGNIFICANCE OF THE STUDY
This research or study is motivated
by the workers low level of performance in the industrial work place which has
immensely contributed to the industrial to perform their allotted task has
greatly contributed to the breakdown of many of our industries in Nigeria. However, worker environment is seen as an
important factors that is responsible for worker’s performance. It is when workers are under a conductive
atmosphere and given frings benefits such as transportation facilities that
will enable us to make some possible solution on these problem and as well
improved over industrial sectors and other establishment as a determinant of
workers performance.
1.7 SCOPE AND LIMITATION OF THE STUDY
The scope of
the study is limited to Nigerian Bottling Company (Coca-cola) situated at
mainland hotel Ido-oyinbo. The research
will be conducted on the workers and employee performance in an industrial
organization like Nigeria Bottling Company. Some of the departments used for
the research are; Laboratory, Maintenance human resources and account department
that constitute the company. Both male
and female workers will be studied. This
will enable us to understand how conducive the environment is and how it affect
the performance of the workers in Nigerian Bottling Company (NBC).
The limitation of the study has not
been easy task for any encounters in getting the management of Nigerian
Bottling Company (NBC) to cooperate in giving necessary approval to carry out
this research to the organization based on some reasons best known to them,
there was a lot of delay and restriction.
However, with many assurance given
to them that the research was mainly and purely for academic purpose and that
information collected will be treated in strict confidence and also with the
help of the head of maintenance department and some of their managers. I was given the opportunity to carry on with
the research.
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