ATTENTION:
BEFORE
YOU READ THE CHAPTER ONE OF THE PROJECT TOPIC BELOW, PLEASE READ THE
INFORMATION BELOW.THANK YOU!
INFORMATION:
YOU CAN
GET THE COMPLETE PROJECT OF THE TOPIC BELOW. THE FULL PROJECT COSTS N5,000
ONLY. THE FULL INFORMATION ON HOW TO PAY AND GET THE COMPLETE PROJECT IS AT THE
BOTTOM OF THIS PAGE. OR YOU CAN CALL: 08068231953, 08168759420
THE
SIGNIFICANCE OF LAW ENFORCEMENT AGENCY AND CRIME MANAGEMENT
CHAPTER ONE
INTRODUCTION
1.1 Background of the Study
The
prevalence of crime in the world today is a cause for serious concern for all
and sundry. It undermines the social fabric by eroding the sense of safety and
security. Crime impacts on society in a variety of ways according to the nature
and extent of crime committed. It constitutes a problem when its incidence is
so rampant in the society as to constitute a threat to the security of persons
and property, as well as social order and solidarity [Onoge 1988]. The costs of
crime are tangible and intangible, economic or social, direct or indirect,
physical or psychological, individual or community. In fact, it is from the
cost that the consequences of crime are derived. The cost of crime can be
incurred as a result of actual experience of criminal activities, when there is
physical injury, when properties are stolen, damaged or destroyed. It could
also be in the form of psychological and emotional pains as a result of shock
due to the crime done against the victim. Also the cost of crime can be
incurred in an attempt to prevent or control crime. As a consequence of the
prevalence of crime in society, the demographic composition may be altered
through mass movement of people from crime-prone areas to areas perceived to be
relatively crime-free. This can also lead to brain-drain and other
socio-economic problems.
Crime is a
threat to the economic, political and social security of a nation and a major
factor associated with underdevelopment; because it discourages both local and
foreign investments, reduces the quality of life, destroys human and social
capital, damages relationship between citizens and the states, thus undermining
democracy, rule of law and the ability of the country to promote development.
Emile Durkheim considered crime to be an integral aspect of society and a
“normal” social phenomenon in the sense that it has existed in all societies
throughout history. Durkheim believe that mala prohibita crimes (crimes which
violates social norms) functions in society as a means of defining the limits
of acceptable behaviour, serving as vehicle for social change by extending and
testing those boundaries.
According to
Oxford Dictionary of Sociology (2009:139) “a crime is held to be an offence,
which goes beyond the personal and into the public sphere, breaking prohibitory
rules or laws, to which legitimate punishments or sanctions are attached, and
which requires the intervention of a public authority…for crime to be known as
such, it must come to the notice of, and be processed through, an
administrative system or enforcement agency. It must be reported and recorded
by the police (or other investigator); it may then become part of criminal
statistics; may or may not be investigated; and may or may not result in a
court case.” [Scott and Marshall, 2009]
Furthermore,
a normative definition views crime as a deviant behaviour that violates
prevailing norms – cultural standards prescribing how human beings ought to
behave normally. This approach considers the complex realities surrounding the
concept of crime and seeks to understand how changing social, political,
psychological and economic conditions may affect the current definitions of
crime and the form of legal, law enforcement and penal responses made by
society. For example, as cultures change and the political environment shifts,
certain behaviour may be ‘criminalized’ or ‘decriminalized’, which will
directly affect the statistical crime rates, determine the allocation of
resources for the enforcement of such laws and influence general opinion.
Law
enforcement agencies are agencies set up by law to maintain internal security
of the state. For the purpose of this lectures, this paper shall limit its
scope to the role of Nigeria Police Force in the promotion and sustainability
of participatory democracy and the rule of law. The word Police is derived from
Greek word “POLIS” meaning that part of noneclesiastical administration having
to do with safety, health and order of the state. Greek policing, meant the act
of governing and regulating the welfare, security needs and order of the city-
state in the interest of the public.
The Oxford
English Dictionary sees Police as “The department of government which is
concern with the maintenance of public order and safety and the enforcement of
law”. It further defined Police as the civil force which is entrusted with the
duty of maintaining public order, enforcing regulations for the prevention and
punishment of breaches of law and detection of crime. From the foregoing, the
origin of the Nigeria Police Force dated back to 1861. The Force was regarded
as Hausa Constabulary, which its primary duty was to protect the trade interest
of the Royal Company along the river Niger in the North. This special
constabulary metamorphosed into Nigeria Police Force. And by virtue of section
214 of 1999 constitution, Nigeria Police Force was established. It occupies a
very important position in the maintenance of internal security in democratic
society, hence they are given powers by an enabling statute to disharge their
task and bring society to order to avoid anarchy and hardship. Section 4 of
Police Act cap 359 law of the Federation 1990. State the primary duty of the
Nigeria Police, this include: i. Prevention and detection of crime ii. The
Apprehension of offenders iii. Preservation of law and order iv. Protection of
life and property v. The enforcement of all law vi. Regulation within which
they are directly charge vii. Military duties within and outside Nigeria it may
require by the Law.
1.2 Statement of the Problem
The conflict
orientation sees crime in the perspective of the ruling class. They defined
crime as an act or behaviour selectively identified by the few who governed in
the society. Society consists of competing interest groups which are in
conflict with each other, due to unequal distribution of wealth which results
in inequality in economic and social powers. According to Quinney (1980),
“dominant class creates laws that will protect their own interests. That lower
class crime as a function of miserable life condition and conflict with the
interest of the dominant class; and that the dominant class constructs beliefs
about crime which makes the dominant class look good and the powerless look
bad” [Quinney, 1980].
In the
Nigerian context in the 21st century, the breakdown of family values, high
unemployment rate, the prevalence of the twin evils of bribery and corruption,
and the inability of the police to function effectively in the prevention and
control of crime due to inadequate equipment and demoralized personnel, have
all contributed significantly to the breakdown of law and order.
1.3 Objectives of the Study
The study
sought to know the significance of law enforcement agency and crime management
in Abuja. Specifically, the study sought to;
1. i. examine the relationship between law
enforcement agency and crime management in Abuja.
2. ii. examine the role of law enforcement
agency in crime management in Abuja.
3. iii. examine the different
categories of law enforcement agencies in Nigeria.
1.4 Research Questions
1. What is the relationship
between law enforcement agency and crime management in Abuja?
2. What are the roles of law
enforcement agency in crime management in Abuja?
3. What are the categories of
law enforcement agencies in Nigeria
1.5 Research Hypotheses
Hypothesis I
Ho: There is
no relationship between law enforcement agency and crime management in Abuja
Hi: There is
a relationship between law enforcement agency and crime management in Abuja
Hypothesis
II
Ho: Law enforcement agency plays no significant
role in crime management in Abuja.
Hi: Law enforcement agency play a significant
role in crime management in Abuja.
1.6 Significance of the Study
This study
will be of immense benefit to other researchers who intend to know more on this
study and can also be used by non-researchers to build more on their research
work. This study contributes to knowledge and could serve as a guide for other
study.
1.7 Scope/Limitations of the Study
This study
is on immorality in churches will cover all forms of immoral activities that
exist in churches today with a view of finding a lasting solution to the
problem.
Limitations
of study
1. Financial constraint:
Insufficient fund tends to impede the efficiency of the researcher in sourcing
for the relevant materials, literature or information and in the process of
data collection (internet, questionnaire and interview).
2. Time constraint: The
researcher will simultaneously engage in this study with other academic work.
This consequently will cut down on the time devoted for the research work.
1.8 Definition of Terms
Law: This is
a system of rules which a particular country or community recognizes as
regulating the actions of its members and which it may enforce by the
imposition of penalties.
Enforcement:
This is the process of ensuring compliance with laws, regulations, rules,
standards, or social norms
Law enforcement:
This is any system by which some members of society act in an organized manner
to enforce the law by discovering, deterring, rehabilitating, or punishing
people who violate the rules and norms governing that society.
Law
enforcement agency (LEA): A law enforcement agency is any agency which enforces
the law.
Crime: an
action or omission which constitutes an offence and is punishable by law.
Management:
the process of dealing with or controlling things or people.
Crime
management: it is the attempt to reduce and deter crime and criminals. It is
applied specifically to efforts made by governments to reduce crime, enforce
the law, and maintain criminal justice.
HOW TO GET THE FULL PROJECT WORK
PLEASE, print the following
instructions and information if you will like to order/buy our complete written
material(s).
HOW TO RECEIVE PROJECT MATERIAL(S)
After paying the appropriate amount
(#5,000) into our bank Account below, send the following information to
08068231953 or 08168759420
(1) Your project
topics
(2) Email
Address
(3) Payment
Name
(4) Teller Number
We will send your material(s) after
we receive bank alert
BANK ACCOUNTS
Account Name: AMUTAH DANIEL CHUKWUDI
Account Number: 0046579864
Bank: GTBank.
OR
Account Name: AMUTAH DANIEL CHUKWUDI
Account Number: 2023350498
Bank: UBA.
FOR MORE INFORMATION, CALL:
08068231953 or 08168759420
AFFILIATE
Comments
Post a Comment