THE EFFECTS OF HOME VIDEO AND MOVIES INDUSTRY ON THE SOCIO-MORAL BEHAVIOURS AND CRIME PREVENTION IN NIGERIA
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THE EFFECTS
OF HOME VIDEO AND MOVIES INDUSTRY ON THE SOCIO-MORAL BEHAVIOURS AND CRIME
PREVENTION IN NIGERIA
CHAPTER ONE
INTRODUCTION
1. 1
BACKGROUND OF THE STUDY
In
contemporary Africa, one of the greatest pastimes is the video film. It has
become a newfound love for the African mind. This is largely due to its
accessibility to huge audience including
children and
adolescents as compared to an older form of media
production
like the cinema. Larkin (2002:14) says: African video films refer to the rise
of filmmaking in Nigeria that is shot straight on video, but still referred to
locally as “films”. These films are not the art cinema more usually seen in
African film festivals, but truly popular, meaning not only that they command
huge African audience, but also their production and financing is dependent
entirely on how well they perform in the market place. Along with the rise of
video film many people (Africans and non-Africans) especially Nigeria are
beginning to worry about our home movies and films: How and what the actors and
actresses are acting. Modern Man lives under the shadow of an ever-present
threat of self annihilation; “advances in technology have equipped mankind with
that much at least. The much sought for
technology
has become something akin to the Frankenstein
Monster”.
(Wollstonecraft 1931:10) Nowhere is this more
apparent
than in the mass media that it has left concerned
persons with
many questions. Felid (1991:10) argues that: The media has been said to be very
powerful in moudling and shaping popular opinion because a single message is
transmitted simultaneously to missions of people. Their effects are personal,
dramatic and mmediate.The fears
articulated by Field are not unfounded when one sees the monumental
transformations that information technology has wrought in the world within the
second half of the twentieth century. It is currently being speculated that
information technology replicates every three years. As it grows so it
influences. Mba E; The Director General; National film and video
Censor Board
in his speech to the Youth Achievers Conference
Abuja on
March 31st 2006, also highlighted the tremendous
impact mass
media, especially the motion picture has on the
social and
economic development of any country especially our
beloved
country Nigeria. He comments that: There is no doubt that we are in the
information age and faced with the challenges of globalization and that most
countries now realize that if the society is to develop it must embrace
globalization and transform into a knowledge or information society. And that
today, more than at any other time in human history, people not only know what
is going on around the world and more familiar to other cultures through
multi-media such as news, radio, music, film and internet, they often demand it
as their “democratic right. (Mba 2002:23-3). The video film and films shot on
electromagnetic tape is readily produced with a shoe string budget. Apart from
the inexpensive nature of this form of media production, the masses in much of
Africa especially Nigerians are readily reached. The home video film has thus
become very popular amongst Africans. Interesting too, it has become a veritable
expression of African modernity in terms of Mass culture. Looking at both forms
of mass media production from the standpoints of economics of scale and
production output could be revealing as well as instructive. In Africa, video
films are-easily and readily produced as against that of traditional cinema.
Larkin (2003:194) points out that; in 1999 over 500 video films were produced
in Nigeria. This means that, in this one year alone, more video films were
produced than in the entire history of feature film production in this country.
From almost 10 years ago, video films have blossomed to become perhaps the most
vibrant new form of media production in Africa.
Similarly,
Ekwuazi (2007:64-69) contends that; the Nigerian Home video has spawned an
industry that turns out 1000 films every year, generates 300,000 jobs every
year, has a turnover of well over N5 billion yearly: With a growth rate of some
60%, the industry is bursting at the seams.
These
groundbreaking achievements of the video film as against the Lethargy of
celluloid film as forms of media production in Africa indicate a call for an
urgent revision of the concept of filmmaking in the continent.
Perhaps,
only the most absurd liberal would refuse to believe that just as movies can
help bring about positive changes in beliefs, lifestyles and behaviour, they
could also cause negative changes. In Nigeria today, Government, parents and
even consumers have cried out against the negative content of our movies, vast
majority of them containing ritual scenes, graphic- groups, and the abuse of
our cherished institutions.
Mba
(2002:23- 3) comments in his speeches to the youths in Abuja that: “I can’t
count up to ten movies that portray Nigeria and its institutions as
professional or something one should look up to.
However,
looking at the situation today, it is heart rending, as the giant of Africa
remains a wishful thinking and nice dream of a paradise of some sort yet to be
realized. It is in this light that one can observe that the plight of the Home video
and movies industry is on account of the contradictions contained in our
religious and social structures. The reality of video industry is a situation,
which demands further research. The hue and cry is not all for nothing.
1.2 STATEMENT OF THE PROBLEM
Although the
Home Video Industry in Nigeria is barely more than a decade, it commands a
household name. It commands a very large and active audience and it covers
every aspect of the Nigerian society. Its impact on the areas of the culture,
religion and morality has generated a lot of uneasiness. Fear looms heavily in
the mind of conservatives about the possible results of the incursion into the
traditional value of culture and morality. Some calm these fears by saying that,
“it is only entertainment, it is just to help people relax and take time off
the medium of their chores. There is nothing to be apprehensive “about”.
They say it
does not raise any pertinent moral questions. But the reality of the video
industry confronts us with a situation which demands immediate response. How
did the video film phenomenon which is fondly referred to as “Home video”,
“Nollywood” “naijawood”, among others, in the Nigerian media culture emerge?
What sort of reception does audience elsewhere accord Nigeria video films? And
why do they grant the films such reception? These are the issues which the
researcher wishes to address.
1.3 PURPOSE OF THE STUDY
This
research is aimed at investigating the effect of the Home video industry in
Nigeria from the perspective of sociomoral implications. The major task is to
establish whether or not there are socio-economic and moral significances
generated from the productions of this industry in Nigeria. Specific to this
purpose then are:
i. To investigate the recent concern expressed
about the industry by some Nigerians.
ii. To findout the attitude of the
artists and the producers to the reasons for the concerns.
iii. To analyse the feeling of the populace
as consumers and observers towards the Home video movies.
iv. To examine the socio-moral behaviour
and cultural implications of the new culture of video watching in the lives of
people in Nigeria.
v. To make contributions by suggesting
some objective criteria with which to evaluate Home Video Industry normally.
1.4 SIGNIFICANCE OF THE STUDY
This work
itself will form part of library research for further research on this topic.
The
information provided in this work will be of use not only to the general
public, but also for posterity.
The work
will be of great benefit to future researchers on a similar topic or subject,
either by criticizing or developing it to a high grade.
It will be
an addition to the numerous literatures on the subject in the library etc.
1.5 SCOPE OF THE STUDY
This work
will concentrate on the entire activities of home video industry in Nigeria,
the socio-moral effect on the citizenry of the Nigerian society and the
response of the church, and other social structures.
1.6 RESEARCH METHODOLOGY
The
researcher adopts a multi-dimensional approach in her efforts to get at the
substance of this work.
The
researcher made use of both primary and secondary sources of obtaining pieces
of information. Books, journal articles, encyclopedia, dictionaries, magazines,
unpublished project works etc were consulted as secondary source materials.
Questionnaire schedule was designed as a primary source of obtaining oral
information from the respondents. Both structured and unstructured
questionnaire items were designed for eliciting information out of these
respondents. People from the age of twenty were considered qualified as
respondents.
In
interpretation of the data collected, the researcher made use of descriptive
and analytical approaches.
1.7 DEFINITION OF TERMS
The Key
terms that appeared in this work need to be defined for according to both
Aristotle and Cicero, “Initio disputandi, est definitio - nominis” (that is a
discussion to be intelligible; it must begin with definition of terms).
Pornographic
films:
Shields
(2004:197) refers it to be the portrayal of human sexuality in print or on
screen in ways which stimulate sexual desire and/or sexual fantasy in the
reader or viewer. Because of the way in which sexual attraction operates, it is
usually the female of the species who is presented in varying degree of undress
but there is a growing tendency towards parallel focus on the mate. Like drugs
or gambling, pornography is highly addictive and can become the Master of those
who resort to it. It is a well-known fact that the reading or viewing of
pornographic materials can lead to prostitution which is act of immorality.
Morality:
Morality is
a household word in our contemporary society. According to Harry in Agha
(2003:41) No society can live without morals. And that their moralities are
those standards of conduct which the reasonable man approves. Peschke (1975:76)
sees morality as:
That actions
valued as good or evil according as they contribute to the realization of the
values of happiness, self-perception or temporal progress.
The morally
good is rather relative to another value, is considered superior and whose
promotion or impairment is whose promotion or impairment is the measure of
moral goodness.
Voodooism -
Hornby defines it as a religion that is practiced especially in Hattie and
involves magic and witchcraft. The films today in Nigeria are mostly on
voodooism.
Religious
Triumphalism - Also, the Hornby refers triumphalism as (disapproving) behaviour
that celebrates a victory or success in a way that is too proud and intended to
upset the people you have defeated. The Christianity which emerges on the
screen is unrealistic, a “crossless” Christianity in which the victories which
the gospels discuss is shrouded in eschatological terms. Invocation of the
name, Jesus is like a magic word.
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