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THE
INFLUENCE OF SOCIAL MEDIA ON STUDENTS’ LEARNING ABILITY AMONG SECONDARY SCHOOL
STUDENTS
ABSTRACT
The study
examined the influence of Social Media on Students’ Learning Ability among
Secondary School Students in Alimosho Local Government Area of Lagos State.
Five research questions and five corresponding hypotheses guided the study. The
descriptive survey research design was adopted for the study. Employing the
method of stratified and simple random sampling strategy, a total number of 250
students (125 boys and girls respectively)) were selected from ten secondary
schools in the study population. A 25 item Likert type questionnaire tagged
‘Social Media and Students’ Learning Ability Questionnaire (ISMSLAQ) and
Student Achievement Test in English Language’ were used to gather the data used
for the study. Hypothesis one, two and three were tested using the Chi Square
statistics while hypotheses four and five were tested using t-test and Analysis
of Variance (ANOVA) respectively. Findings of the research shows significant
influence of Social Media usage on students’ attitude towards learning in
schools; and that there is a significant influence of Social Media usage on
students’ writing skills. Other findings of the study reveal significant
influence of Social Media usage on academic performances of students in
secondary schools; there is no significant gender difference in social media
usage among students in the area of study; and that social media usage showed
no significant influence on the age of adolescents. On the basis of the
research findings, recommendations were made which include among others the
need to incorporate social media with academic lesson content in secondary
schools, students should follow the formal way of writing in schools, students
should not be allowed to waste their time for their reading and personal study
on social media content generating sites. Counseling programmes should be put
in place for both male and female students in the use of social media. There is
also need to design appropriate behavioral change instructional materials to
educate students of different age group about social media usage in academic
learning.
CHAPTER ONE
INTRODUCTION
1.1
Background to the Study
Many
activities of education in the formal school setting and non-formal setting
require the ability to learn. This is so because individual survival,
adaptation and adjustment to ever-changing circumstances in the environment
will depend on individual’s capacity to learn. A number of leading authorities
on learning have declared that learning involves mental activity whether by an
individual’s conscious effort or not. It is a complex process by means of which
knowledge, skills, habits, facts, ideas and principles are acquired, retained
and utilized in order to adapt to one’s environment and also to modify the
existing behaviours when necessary. It is to be noted, however, that the
learning ability of any individual often depends on the quality of potential an
individual has inherited from his or her parents. Although nature provides the
raw materials in the form of human potential / abilities, it is the environment
that determines the extent to which the potentials are developed (Nwadinigwe,
2004).
However, the
work of new media literacy researchers also provides one avenue to better
specify behaviours that might lead to learning. Most studies of social media
and youth education define learning from literacy perceptive (Greenhow and Ahn,
2011). The literacy perspective focuses on learning practices, such as creating
media rather than traditional measures of learning such as grades or
standardized assessments. It is important that one understands the concept of
literacy practices from this view point. According to these experts, children’s
activities in school that is, listening to a teacher’s lesson, practicing
problems on worksheets, taking tests to assess learning can be seen as
specialized literacy practices; those of creating media serve very disparate
functions than expected in the classroom. In any case, learning in the school
has measurable goal than that of the social media.
Meanwhile,
social media usage is an intriguing platform to study because technology is
such an integral part of adolescent students’ life. This is so because students
of today are born into a world where computer technology is already well
established and thus, it is a common tool student’s use in their everyday life.
This includes the way they receive information, communicate and learn. There is
no denying the fact that today’s students are hyper-test based generation
compared to the chalk and talk based environment that most adults learnt. .One
would have expected that the advent of computer, internet and cell phones will
enhance students’ capability to learn and improve their knowledge, skill and
attitude. It is quite disturbing that students rather than reading and studying
to increase their knowledge, skill and attitude are pre-occupied with social
media content generating that have nothing to do with their school learning. As
a result students are now gradually becoming lazy to carry out normal book reading
and study habits to prepare adequately for their examinations. Social media
usage among students is alarming and has now become source of concern all over
the world that has attracted several researches.
Although
research examining the influence of social media usage on students’ learning in
Nigeria abound, there is a gap in the research regarding this topic as it
pertains to students in the university. A few studies referenced the fact that
social media use among students continues to increase which may or not be
related to mental, knowledge, experiential, skill and attitude learning. There
appears to be little or no reference to the influence of social media on
students learning ability in public secondary schools in Alimosho Local
Government Lagos State. This study tends to fill the gap in literature.
Most
undeniably, social media usage may also be impacting the way in which learners
engage with technology in general. Adeogun (2004) noted that information
received by students on the computer; television and telephone can modify the
behavior of individual student either negatively or positively. The information
can generate new responses or change old ones, depending on the degree of
observation permitted the socializing individual, and on the type of imitation
he or she can have of the behaviours and attitudes exhibited by the models.
Granted that the forces of development are primarily within the individual, the
environment as mentioned earlier plays a secondary role in the process of
natural enfoldment of that which nature has enfolded within the individual in a
natural environment free from corruption. In essence, if information is
positive and conducive, individual will develop positively and behave
rationally but if otherwise negative the development may be detrimental.
Undeniably,
social media usage creates students modes to procrastinate while trying to
complete homework and assignment which affect their learning ability. The
knowledge of Economics on opportunity cost is such that a student who is
chooses social media twill trade-off learning in conventional way. It has been
documented in the academic literature that social media usage makes students
passive during classroom teaching and learning. It also makes students to be
lazy and procrastinate doing their assignment or home works. We cannot throw
the baby with the dirty water, the good sides of social media are that they
create opportunity for students to learn more since the platform allows and
encourages students to post their school work thereby increasing their attitude
to learn. For lack of space, literature is replete with countless educational
opportunities provided by social media.
Furthermore,
the rate at which students use social media raises questions about the
potential effect social media have on students’ mental learning in schools.
Several researchers referenced above have reported that social media usage is
frivolous, time wasting and distracts from school work. Rather than using
social media for academic purpose, students appear to use it for social
interaction. Hence, social media appear not to be contributing to students
mental or knowledge learning in schools. This is reflected by the way students
write and spell words that are not proper way of spelling the English words. Where
this texting and short messages used in social media are exported by students
during internal and external examinations, it might lead to students’ failure
in such examinations. It is against this background information that the
research examines the influences of social media on students learning ability
in secondary school students in Alimosho Local Government Area of Lagos state.
1.2
Statement of the Problem
The problem
that necessitated the research is the rate at which students’ trade-off academic
learning for social media content generating sites such as face book, 2go among
others. The use of social media has become so rampant nowadays that leaves so
many questions to be desired. The situation is not just disturbing to every
stakeholder of education but quite alarming. This calls for the need to address
social media challenges to students’ cognitive, affective and psychomotor
domains. If nothing practical is done to stem the tide at the present, a
lasting damage will be done. This will not be good for our country’s education
system as the right manpower that will proffer solution to the challenges of
our socio-economic development will be far from been achieved.
Presently,
it appears that majority of students that come to school with internet
connected pay more attention to social media interactions than they do for
their academic learning. The time for reading and studying may seem to be
devoted to social media interactions that may not have any bearing on their
cognitive, affective and psychomotor development. The effect this may have on
students’ capability to learn may be devastating. This has tendency to increase
poor students’ outcomes among students in schools. This is not good four our
country education that is searching a way to redeem itself from its present
murky waters.
With the
current rate of social media usage among students, one may predict that at a
short time, the neglect of textbooks and learned journals is not addressed,
more of our library textbooks and journals will be totally forgotten. This is
another challenge to the academic survival of our nation.
More so, the
popularity of social media and the speed at which information is published
seems to create a lax attitude towards proper spelling and grammar. This may be
exported to conventional writing that may reduce students’ ability to
effectively write without relying on a computer’s spell check feature. Worse
still, the poor performance of students in external examination which has been
on the increase every year may be connected to students reading and studying
time spent on social media interactions among students. This will bring to the
fore the need to investigate the influence of social media on secondary school
adolescents learning ability in Alimosho Local Government Area.
1.3 Purpose
of the Study
The main
purpose of this study is to examine the influence of social media on
adolescents learning ability in secondary schools in Alimosho Local Government
of Lagos State. The specific objectives of the study are to;
1. Examine
the influence of social media usage on students’ attitude to learning in
schools.
2. Ascertain
the influence of social media usage on secondary school students writing
skills. in secondary schools
3. Determine
the influence of social media usage on students’ academic performance in
secondary school.
4. Ascertain
whether gender differences in social media usage exist among students in
secondary schools.
5. Determine
the influence of social media usage based on age
1.4 Research
Questions
The
following questions guided this research study
1. What
influence does social media usage have on students’ attitude to learning in
school?
2. How do
social media influence students’ writing skills in secondary schools?
3. What
influence does social media usage have on students’ academic performance in
secondary schools?
4. What
gender differences in social media usage exist among students secondary
schools?
5. How does
age influence students’ social media usage in secondary schools?
1.5 Research
Hypotheses
The
following null hypotheses guided this research study.
1. There is
no significant influence of Social Media usage on students’ attitude to
learning in schools.
2. There is
no significant influence of Social Media usage on students’ writing skills in
secondary schools.
3. There is
no significant influence of Social Media usage on students’ academic
performance.
4. There is
no significant gender difference in social media usage among students in
secondary schools.
5. There is
no significant influence of age on students’ use of Social Media for learning
in secondary school.
1.6
Significance of the study
The study
will be significant to students, teachers, parents, educational psychologist’s
and policy makers on the current trends in social media world, in the following
ways: The study will help the students to know that social media can help them
improve their learning ability and school work performance if used judiciously.
The study will help the teachers to gain additional knowledge on the current
issues in social media usage by the students and find the appropriate measures
in helping students to maximize gain on these media for academic attainment. It
will also open the eyes of the parents to the challenges encountered by their
students in social media usage in relation to their physical and cognitive
development and the levels of their performance in education. This study will
be useful to the guidance and counselors on how to make adolescent cope with
the challenges of social media and social networking that suit education of
these adolescent students for educational purpose and control the access to bad
social media sites that affect students’ educational attainment. This study
will also create a platform for further research in this field. There the
research is useful in the following ways:
1. Students
will benefit from the study as it will expose them to understand the
educational benefits as well as draw backs of using social media.
2. Teachers
will gain knowledge in the issues regarding social media and incorporate it in
the educational endeavor.
3. Parents
will benefit from the research as the will know how to guide their wards in
using social media.
4. Guidance
and counselors will find the research useful as it will help them plan
behavioural change education programme for users of social media in secondary
schools
1.7 Scope of
the Study
The scope of
this study is on the influence of social media on learning ability of secondary
school adolescents in Alimosho Local Government Area of Lagos state. It focuses
on determining the extent to which adolescent (male and female) students make
use of social network, the influence such social media platforms have on
adolescents learning in the area of shaping their knowledge, skill and
attitudes. It also looks at the influence social media have on adolescent
school work performance in secondary schools at the study area.
1.8
Operational Definition of Terms
The
following terms are operationally defined in the research study
1. Social
Media: These are forms of electronic communication which facilitate interactive
base on certain interests. Social media include web and mobile technology. It
is a group of internet based application that allows the creation and exchange
of user generated content. In this study, emphasis is on facebook, whatsapp and
2go commonly used by adolescents.
2. Learning
Ability: The learning ability of any individual referred in the study is mental
ability of individuals to cope with things around him. This is often associated
with the quality of potential an individual has inherited from his or her
parents.
3. Learning:
The activity or process of gaining knowledge or skill by studying, practicing,
being taught or experiencing something.
4. Attitude:
This is individual behavior or reaction to certain action or stimuli which may
be positive or negative.
5. Writing
Skill: This refers student ability to compose meaningful text of sentence
length or longer, communicating ideas, messages and information this is a
medium of human Writing is communication that represents language and emotion
through the inscription or recording of signs and symbols
6. Academic
Performance: this refers to the ability of student to do well, fairly or poorly
in an examination.
7. Gender:
This is biologically determined and in the context of this research means boys
and girl. In general it refers to culturally and socially constructed
difference between men and women.
8. Age: As
used in the study, it refers a period of human life measured by years from
birth, usually marked by a certain stage or degree of mental or physical
development and involving legal responsibility and capacity.
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