INSTRUCTIONAL MATERIALS AND THE BANE ENCOUNTERED BY THE TECHNICAL TEACHERS IN TEACHING INTRODUCTORY TECHNOLOGY
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INSTRUCTIONAL
MATERIALS AND THE BANE ENCOUNTERED BY THE TECHNICAL TEACHERS IN TEACHING
INTRODUCTORY TECHNOLOGY
ABSTRACT
Educators
and Researchers have observed that the commonly used method of teaching which
is discussion method does not make any effect on some field of studies. For
example in the field of introductory technology. The purpose of this study was
to determine the bane encountered by Technical Teachers in the teaching of
introductory Technology with and without instructional materials as well as the
appropriate instructional materials needed at the junior secondary schools in
District II of school division in Lagos State. The research design is survey
design. From the literature review six (6) research questions were designed.
The population was all the Introductory Technology teachers in all the Junior
Secondary Schools in District II of School division in Lagos State. The samples
of seventy (70) Technical Teachers were used. The research instrument was the
questionnaire. The data analysis collected on this study is analysed based on
the research questions for the study. Some of the schools where the research
was conducted lacked an Introductory Technology workshop not to talk of the
instructional materials found in it. Some of the recommendations were; They
should teach each topic of the subject with instructional materials so as to
motivate the students and make them understand the subject so as to perform well
academically and outside school.
CHAPTER ONE
INTRODUCTION
1.0
Background Of The Study
It has been
observed over the years by educators and students that Teachers have been
depending on excessive use of words to express ideas to leaning during the
teacher – student interaction, so teachers are accused of talking too much.
Today, advances in Technology have made it possible to change the bane often
encountered by the Technical Teachers during the teaching and learning of
Introductory Technology. By this move, they are no longer required to depend
solely on discussion method of Teaching and learning process. These advances in
Technology have also made it possible to provide materials and devices that
could be used to make the transfer of knowledge and skills more meaningful and
concrete. Educators and the public also observed that the performance of
students are not encouraging in Introductory Technology due to the absence of
some things.
Students
also do not attend Introductory Technology classes because the Technical
Teachers have nothing to make the subject more concrete. To this end researchers
have come to realize that the advances in Technology have provided some
materials and devices for the use of Technical Teachers in the teaching of
Introductory Technology. These materials and devices are called Instructional
Materials. These Instructional Materials Comprises of Charts, Posters,
Audio-Visual aids, Realia, Audio aids, visual aids and so on. It has been
observed critically by researchers that these Instructional Materials are not
at the reach of most teachers for effective use in the classroom. Ogunmilade
(1999) of the media press in Education, University of Ife, argued in favour of
Instructional Materials that they are instrument through which the teaching and
learning process could be encouraged and carried on. Instructional Materials are
indispensable for effective teaching at the preparatory levels because, they
are not only assisting the teacher but also they motivate the learners to
learn, Okafor (1998). However, the successful implementation of this system of
education called 6 – 3 – 3 – 4 in which Introductory Technology is a basic
subject, depends on the Technical Teachers and the appropriate and available
Instructional Materials. Since Instructional Materials have been known to be
materials and devices used to aid Teaching and learning process, some Technical
Teachers still lack the basic knowledge of the important of Instructional
Materials. This could be due to lack of skill acquisition or not being trained.
Instructional Materials such as Posters, safety codes, operational manuals
which are to guide the students in their workshop practice, if lacking would
either create a problem to the Technical Teachers or students in the effective
Teaching and learning of Introductory Technology. A report on the performance
analysis of students offering Introductory Technology from one of the Junior
Secondary Schools in Somolu Local Education District, of past years was
observed to be very poor. It was observed that ten out of hundreds of the
student offering the subject had a pass mark. Olayiwole (1998) said that
students perform well and learn skills faster when the topic is being
Demonstrated and Practicalized. He went further to say that in teaching and
learning, Demonstration and practicalization should go in the ratio of 10:25.
This emphasizes that Instructional Materials should be presented to the
students more readily to aid them practicalize what they have been taught.
Nigeria has been emphasizing self employment and grassroot Technical Industries
and has therefore advocated the establishment of Technical Colleges at various
levels in which the Junior Secondary Schools are the foundation level. The
teaching of Introductory Technology therefore entails abundant Instructional
materials and equipment to cater for Technological subject which are practical
by nature. For our students to develop favorable attitude towards Introductory
Technology they should be exposed to many Instructional Materials to aid in
their acquisition of knowledge and skills. It is obvious that lack of
Instructional Materials hampers the effective Teaching and learning of
Introductory Technology. This could be one of the factors contributing to
students poor performance and negative attitude to Introductory Technology.
This study
therefore emphasizes that Instructional Materials are essential in the teaching
and learning of Introductory Technology by the Technical Teachers, so as to
achieve the required results by the Technical Teachers, Students, School,
Society and the nation at large. It is therefore necessary to investigate the
bane encountered by the Technical Teachers Teaching Introductory Technology,
the effect of this bane and students performance in Introductory Technology.
1.1
Statement Of The Problem
Technical
Teachers lack the necessary Instructional Materials for effective teaching and
learning of Introductory Technology. They also lack the effective skills
acquisitions needed at the Junior Secondary School Level. Teaching in
abstraction brings ineffective Teaching and Learning. In a situation where the
Technical Teacher who is to be practically oriented do a lot of discussion
method of teaching without the use of Instructional Materials along side, the
students will lack the basic skills needed in performing well in Introductory
Technology at the Junior Secondary School Level. These scare the students away
from the subject, also they are not being motivated. Acquisition of basic
skills at the Junior Secondary level is then impossible.
What are the
problems to be encountered by the Technical Teachers in the Teaching of
Introductory Technology with and without Instructional Materials?
1.2 Purpose
Of The Study
The purpose
of this study is to determine the bane Technical Teachers encounter when they
teach with Instructional Materials and when they do not teach with it, the
study is also meant to determine the appropriate Instructional Materials for
the teaching of Introductory Technology at the Junior Secondary Schools.;
1.
Determining the appropriate Instructional Material for teaching Introductory
Technology by the Technical Teachers in the Junior Secondary Schools.
2.
Investigating the effect of inavailable Instructional Materials in Teaching
Introductory Technology at the Junior Secondary level.
3.
Identifying the Motivational effect of Instructional Materials in the teaching
and learning of Introductory Technology.
4.
Determining the effect of Instructional Materials on students’ performance in
Introductory Technology.
5.
Identifying the problems that Technical Teachers encounter with the use of
Instructional Materials.
6.
Identifying the problems Technical Teachers encounter when they teach without
Instructional Materials.
1.3
Significance Of The Study
It is hoped
that the findings of this study would throw more light on some of the banes
encountered by the Technical Teachers in the teaching of Introductory
Technology with and without Instructional Materials at the Junior Secondary
School level. This study may also be of importance to Junior Secondary School
Technical Teachers on proper and effective method of Teaching Introductory
Technology. This study is also hoped to change the negative attitudes of the
students towards the subject, Introductory Technology at the Junior Secondary
School level.
Finally,
based on the findings, Government may also be able to embark on worthy
decisions like provision of Instructional Materials necessary for the teaching
of the subject by the Technical Teachers so as to militate the bane encountered
by them, and organizing Seminars and workshops to improve and modernize their
teaching methods.
1.4 Research
Questions
The research
questions of this study are:-
1. What are
the appropriate Instructional Materials needed for teaching Introductory
Technology by the Technical Teachers at the Junior Secondary Schools?
2. What
effect does an inavailable Instructional material have on the effective
teaching of Introductory Technology at the Junior Secondary School?
3. What
motivational effect do Instructional Materials have on the teaching and
learning of Introductory Technology?
4. What
effect has Instructional Materials on students’ performance in Introductory
Technology?
5. What are
the problems Technical Teachers encounter with the use of Instructional
Materials?
6. What are
the problems Technical Teachers encounter when they teach without Instructional
Materials.
1.5 The
Scope Of The Study
This
research work is centered mainly on Technical Teachers Teaching Introductory Technology
in the Junior Secondary Schools with Particular reference to District II of
School division in Lagos State. The issues involved were only studies from one
District Lagos State. Therefore generalization can only be limited to District
II of School division in Lagos State.
1.6
Definition Of Terms
1. Bane:
Difficulties or problems one encounters over something.
2.
Instructional Materials: They are those devices that and the teaching and
learning process.
3.
Introductory Technology: This is a pre-vocational course which is offered in
Junior Secondary schools level. It comprises of; wood work, metal work,
automechanics, Electrical Electronics, Building Constructioin and Technical
drawing.
4.
Pre-vocational subject: These are subjects offered at the Junior Secondary
School which are meant to give the students basic knowledge and skills on
Technology Literacy.
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