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MOTHER
TONGUE INTERFERENCE ON THE SYNTAX OF SECOND LANGUAGE
CHAPTER ONE
1.0
INTRODUCTION
1.1
BACKGROUND OF THE STUDY
Language is
generally used for the purpose of interaction among people in the society. It
is also used to differentiate people by sex, age and social status within a
particular society. Language serves as a tool for development in every society.
It develops nations or societies socially and particularly for the purpose of
interaction within and outside a particular society. Through choice of words
and forms of speeches, language can be used to differentiate gender or age.
The
languages that a person uses can be differentiate into L1 and L2, that is first
and second languages. First language is also known as mother tongue meaning our
language or the language a child first comes in contact with depending on the
environment he/she is born and raised while second language is a language that
is later learnt at adult stage.
1.2
STATEMENT OF THE PROBLEMS
Every
individual has a first language or a mother tongue. Hausa language is a largely
spoken language in the Northern part of Nigeria. It is observed that most Hausa
native speakers posses this problem of their second language (English) facing
syntactic problem as a result of the interference or the influence of the
mother tongue (Hausa) over the second language (English). This is why a native
speaker of Hausa language is easily identified if he/she speaks English
language because the interference will be observed once the speakers makes an
utterance.
1.3 PURPOSE
OF THE STUDY
Behind any
research, there must be reason(s) why that particular research is carried out.
It is in this regard that this research aims at investigating or identifying
the various ways or forms through which Hausa language interferes on the
syntactic level of second language. Because of the late arrival of Europeans to
Northern Nigerian where Hausa is spoken, English is not as fully embraced by
the Hausas as is the case with their Southern counterparts. English language
seems to have some communication syllogisms, that is extension of sense and use
of lexical items and local idioms. The syntactic interference of the Hausa
language on English language is the focus of this research study. Therefore,
this study aim at identifying the interference of Hausa syntax on the syntax of
English.
1.4 RESEARCH
QUESTIONS
These
research questions are formulated in order to guide the researcher. The
following are the questions that this research aims at answering:
1. Does
Hausa language have vowels that have the same distribution with standard
English?
2. Does
English have the same realisation as in basic Hausa consonant system.
3. Do the
Hausa speakers/writers borrow from English the syntax?
4. Has the
ascendancy of English language in Nigeria created ‘linguistics imperialism on
the Hausa
Language.
5. Do lexis
and structure in Hausa language have different implication from those of
English language?
1.5
SIGNIFICANCE OF THE STUDY
This
research will be of great importance not only to the literature of Hausa
language but also to those who are learning it in educational institutions as
well as the entire Hausa speaking populace.
However the
research does not aim at discrediting the Hausa syntactic forms but rather aims
at pointing out the inherent features that characterise Hausa syntactic forms
and compare them with that of English in order to find out their areas of
contrast and its inherent defect.
1.6
LIMITATION AND DELIMITATION OF THE STUDY
Firstly,
this research is specifically concerned with the study of how mother tongue
(Hausa) interferes on the syntax of second language (English) using the U.G IV
English language students as case study of the research work with a view to
finding out the interference Hausa syntax has on that of English and also
suggest possible solutions that could address the problems. All the findings
are based on the area of the study.
1.7
OBJECTIVES OF THE STUDY
The aims and
objectives of any research work is to uncover proficiency on the necessary
issues or aspect related to the study. This project also will be of great importance
not only to those who are literates in Hausa language but also to those who are
learning Hausa in institutions and to the speakers of Hausa in general.
The study is
also designed to examine the syntactic interference of Hausa language on English
language particularly to find out the difficulty of English language
pronunciation from Hausa speakers. Also to determine the implication and
influence of language usage.
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