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THE EFFECT
OF PARENTS MOTIVATION ON THE ACADEMIC PERFORMANCE OF SECONDARY SCHOOL STUDENTS
ABSTRACT
This study
was aimed at investigating the effects of parents’ motivation and the academic
performance of senior secondary school student.To guide the study, four
objectives of the study,four research questions and four research hypotheses
were formulated. In conducting this research, survey research setting was
adopted to enable the researcher to collect data from primary source using a
quantitative method from a pool of respondents in the stipulated sample size,
as data will be coded and inputted for computation and used to analyse the
hypothesis for testing and validation. The population of the study consists
five senior Secondary students in yaba local government areas in Yaba Education
Zone. The five secondary schools in the zone have a population of two hundred
and forty eight ,senior secondary students. The research instrument was
questionnaire on the effects of parents’ motivation and the academic performance
of senior secondary school student, designed by the researcher and validated by
experts. The reliability of the instrument was established using Crunbach alpha
method. The data collected were analyzed using SPSS while chi-square was used
to test the hypotheses at 0.05 level of significance. Students from educated
parents achieve more than those from uneducated parents in academics; students
from high-income status parents enjoy considerable advantage in academic
achievement than students of low income status parents because their parents
were able to afford necessary materials and equipment needed for effective
learning in the school; parental level of motivation also influenced students’
academic achievement because motivation and reward served as a form of
reinforcement for children’s learning at school. Based on these findings, the
study recommended among others that parents should diversify their sources of
income to be able to provide fund for their children’s schooling. Parents
should equally realize the importance of using rewards and other measures to
motivate their children.
CHAPTER ONE
INTRODUCTION
1.1
BACKGROUND OF THE STUDY
Education is
the best legacy parents can give to their children. The development of the
nation starts from the family. When the family succeeds in teaching and
impacting good values in their children, the country becomes a better place to
live. It is generally believed that the basis for any true development must
commence with the development of human resource. Formal education is the
demonstration of such desires to effectively and efficiently build a sound and
strong economy. Numerous factors have been identified in various research
studies to be responsible for the continuous declining of our educational
system. Various factors such as classroom size, poor teacher-student ratio,
in-adequate instructional materials, attitude of teachers towards work and lack
of seriousness in part of students.
With the
availability of more qualified teachers, improved technology and facilities for
teaching and learning, educational system in Nigeria is still losing it
values.Motivation for this study is based on the fact that some students are
exceptionally good in their work, while some extremely bad. When such
variations in scores are traced it is more often discovered that family
background is a major contributory factor. It is therefore important that the
levels of such contributions and the influence they have on children be
examined so that useful suggestions to parents, teachers, educational planners
and government could be made. Orhungur (2010) asserts that the cultural
background of the family is determined to a large extent by its socio-economic
background. As the child grows up moves out to the interest wider society
his/her interaction with it and perception of it are largely determined from
her earlier, experiences at home. The family setting and its socializing
influence mould the personality of the child. Nigeria, for instance is a
society with diverse ethnic groups with various cultural background in areas
like family size, occupation and in extreme cases, religion. These factors pose
their own restrictions on educational upbringing of children. The social
sitting or mode of settlement of the family and extended family system may
equally influence the academic performance of a child and by extension, their
educational upbringing. Motivation is most need in order to perform more
efficiently in their area of endeavor. When certain factors are eminent in a
child’s family background, it is clear that the child will be motivated and
driven towards high academic goal. Denga (2006) in Eyake (2007) advised that
praises, incentives, recommendations and other forms of reward system should be
employed as motivational factors to stimulate students to higher achievements.
It is likely that the much a child achieves during his school days is largely
dependent on the kind of family to which he/ she belongs. For instance, a child
whose parents take a great deal of interest in what he/ she does at school and
give him / her necessary support by providing all the required books and
finances needed has a great advantage over a child whose parents do not give
him this kind of incentives and encouragements. More so, students’ attitudes to
learning and educational performances are shaped by the kind of stimuli offered
to them by their various environments. This can be considered in terms of the
type of family, the home, parental social orientation, educational level,
occupation to mention but a few. It is therefore, evident that students’
performance is contingent on the stimulus the home offers.Educational
upbringing is not unconnected with the family influence of a child. Individual
members of the family serve as a model to the child as he/ she copies from each
of them. Eyake (2007) quoted. Adeyemo (2007) if the house fails to provide the
child with the necessary equipments to fit him/ her into his proper place in
the society and guided properly for his/ her future career, then the child is
damaged. An analysis of the percentage of secondary school dropout today
entails that such students are usually from broken homes, wiring polygamous
family or with other socially related problems.The agrarian and large families
have accounted for the polygamous life of people. The large the size of the
family, the more economic and other social responsibilities the parents bring
upon themselves. And more often than not, the educational performance of
students from such family suffer serious setback. This is because such parents
might not be able to afford the cost funding education for the children.Other
factors may affect the education performance of students like separation on
grounds of different working station, divorce or even natural death can bring
adverse effect on the growth and development of a child.
Furthermore,
economic position of parents is one of major factors that can influence greatly
the educational upbringing of a child. In most families, either or none of
parents may be earning income sufficient enough to sustain the family, faced
with malnutrition and other emotional and psychological effects, the mental
development of the child would be greatly retarded. Orhunger (2005) adds that a
low income family with plenty of feeding problems may produce children who
physical and mental development poses real challenges to the schools effort at
optimum development of the child.
In the
contemporary world, improvement in pupil’s/students’ academic performance is
recognized as the foremost objectives of education. Educational activities are
regarded towards ensuring that student achieve mastery of educational goals. In
ensuring that every child partake in schooling,, the National Policy on
education enacted a law that primary educations should be tuition free, universal
and compulsory (be that as it was, when a child leaves school intermittently,
it could be that the parent motivation on the academic performance of the child
is lag and lacking (Ugochi, 2014), and as such the parent must endeavor to
motivate the child so as to enhance and boost his/her academic weakness.
According to
Muola (2010), student who are motivated are likely to perform well in their
examination. Salvin (2006) cited in Ugochi (2014) posited that motivation is
what get one going, and determine where one is to go. It is something which
prompt, compel, and energizes an individual to act or behave in a particular
manner at a particular time attaining some specific goal or purpose.Based on
this, motivation could be seen as the force that initiate guide and maintains
goal-oriented behavior such as learning, in order to achieve academically.
Motivation is crucial to students’ academic success at any age because children
form self-concept, values and belief about their abilities at a young age and the
development of early academic motivation has significant implication for later
academic performance and career (Slavin, 2006).In school both intrinsic and
extrinsic motivation has been found to be indispensible in children’s’ academic
performance (Mangal, 2008). Students’ academic motivation is manifested in
different motivational level which could be high, moderate or low. A high
motivated student tend to be more hyper-active in learning and over anxious in
the learning environment; low motivated students could be disruptive, and as a
result is more likely to perform poorly which may lead to truancy and school
dropout. Moderate increase in motivation gives moderate increase in
performance, keep the students preserving on a task until some result is achieved
(Ngwoke, 2004).
Academic
performance of students is of utmost importance to parents, educators,
concerned Nigerians and government. Academic performance simple refers to as
accomplishing what ever academic goals one set for him/herself. Thus, Davidson
institute (2004) sees academic achievement which refers to as a measure of
quality of success one has in the mastery of knowledge, skills &
understanding. It is also the attainment of a standard excellence (Umeano
2010). Academic performance is the extent to which students make success in
academic work. Answer Corporation (2010) defined academic performance as the
degree or extent of acquiring excellence in the academic towards achieving
academic achievement. Academic performance cannot be divorced from academic
achievement as they are both entwined and intertwined which can hardly be
separated from each other.
From all
said, it has been shown by various studies that most of the students who are
successful, great achievers, and well adjust came from the families where
sustaining, wholesome relationship and parental care and motivation towards the
child’s academic performance exist.This study is tend to show the implication
of parents motivation and how it has a derivative effect on the academic
excellence, performance and achievement of the student.
1.2
STATEMENT OF THE PROBLEM
The academic
performance of secondary school students in recent time has been a source of
concern to all. Parents, teachers, counsellors etc. have expressed considerable
concern about the deteriorating student’s performance. This poor academic
performance of pupils has continue to raise its ugly head despite the measure
put in place by the Federal Government in ensuring effective teaching and
learning. Common concern and complain of Secondary School teachers have been on
poor academic performance and low attention span arising from a steady decline
on students motivation and interactive learning. As a result, Secondary School
students get involved in problem behavior such as dropping out of school,
truancy, bully and social receptiveness.
These
disruptive behavior are traceable to what transpires between the parents and
their children at home. Thus, It seems that parent-child relation are faulty
and that the parent give no damn on the academic status and performance of the
students which has extensively cripple the students’ academic performance and
even lead to loss of self-concept. The parents motivation both intrinsic and
extrinsic on the student academic were lost and lust.
The gap in
performance between students and academic excellence constitute a great source
of worry and serious concern as well as discomfiture to both parents, schools
mangers, policy makers and various governments responsible for the education of
students’ in secondary school schools.Experience has shown that among the
secondary school students’ there exist some differences which influence
students’ academic performance, such as some students’ being able to pay their
school fees promptly, while others were often sent away for nonpayment of
school fees, some students have problem with the provision of school uniform
but others do not. Likewise, some students were motivated by their parents
through the provision of educational materials like text books and exercise
books, others were not, where as some students’ come to school properly feed,
others not. One then wonders whether influence of family background had played
a in these issues.
In the light
of this, the main problem of this search is to find out if there exist in Lagos
metropolis a relationship between socio-economic status of parents and
students’ academic performance.This research work tends to proffer solution on
how parents should motivate their children towards academic excellence.
1.3
OBJECTIVES OF THE STUDY
The aim of
this research is to find or showcase the effect, if at all, of how parent
motivation will tell on the academic performance of the student as well as;
· Examine
the role parent played in the student’s academic performance.
· Find out
how parent motivation could influence their children’s academic performance
To find out
if social-economic status of parents influence their students’ academic
performance.
To
investigate the relationships between students’ academic performance and their
family background characteristics.
1.4 RESEARCH
QUESTIONS
In order to
achieve the derived objectives, the following research questions were raised;
(i) Does the
role of parent played have an effect on student’s academic performance?
(ii) To what
extent does parent motivation influence children’s academic performance?
(iii) Does
social-economic status of parents influence their students’ academic
performance?
(v) What is
the relationship between students’ academic performance and their family
background characteristics?
1.5 RESEARCH
HYPOTHESIS
H0: There is
no significant relationship between the role parent played and effect on
student’s academic performance.
H1: There is
significant relationship between the role parent played and effect on student’s
academic performance.
H0: There is
no significant relationship between parent motivation influence and children’s
academic performance.
H2: There is
significant relationship between parent motivation influence and children’s
academic performance.
H0: There is
no significant relationship between social-economic status of parents and their
students’ academic performance.
H3: There is
significant relationship between social-economic status of parents and their
students’ academic performance.
H0: There is
no significant relationship between students’ academic performance and their
family background characteristics.
H4: There is
no significant relationship between students’ academic performance and their
family background characteristics.
1.6:
SIGNIFICANCE OF THE STUDY
The
significance of this research work in the educational system cannot be
over-emphasized. If the result of the study properly utilized. It is going to
be beneficial to parents, the students, teachers, educators, government,
proprietor, counselors etc.
It will help
to understand the need for qualitative education, what, when and how to provide
supportive measures and motivation that will boost the students moral and
morale towards learning and help in building an evil free and economically
balanced society/ nation.
The work of
this nature when completed may help the parents to be aware of the effect the
parent has on children and how such affect the child positively or negatively
in relation to their academic performance. From the available recommendations,
they will be able to adopt measures of bringing up there in such a way that
they will perform well academically. Finally, the research when completed may
add to available literature and may encourage further research on the topic.
1.7: SCOPE
AND LIMITATION OF THE STUDY
The study
will analyze the effect of parent’s motivation on the academic performance of
Secondary School students in Yaba, LGA, Lagos State.
The study is
limited to some selected Secondary Schools in the area but being mindful that
the selected schools cut across all categories of schools-private and public.
1.8:
DEFINITION OF TERM
The term
that require vivid clarification for ease of comprehensive in their contextual
use are defined and delimited for this study include:
(a)Parents:
A parent is a person who has conceived (biologically mother) or sired
(biological father) and whose genes are therefore transmitted to the child.
Section 576 of the Educational Act 1996 defines “parent” as;
· All
natural (biological) parent, whether they are married or not.
· Any person
who, although not a natural parent, has parental responsibilities for a child
or young person.
· Any person
who, although not a natural parent has care of a child or young person
(b)Motivation:
It refers to internal and external factors that stimulate desire and energy in
people to be continually interested and committed to a job, roles subjects or
to make an effort to achieve a goal.
(c)Parent
Motivation: It include all supportive measures put in place by parents in order
to stimulate the effectiveness and efficiency of their children.
(d)Socio-economic
status: It simply refers to as the status of the parent in the society whether
high, moderate or low class.
(e)Academic
Performance: It represents performance outcome that indicate the extent to
which a person has accomplished scientific goals that were the focus of
activities in instructional environment specifically in school.
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