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GENETIC EVALUATION OF PERFORMANCE AND BLOOD BIOCHEMISTRY IN
JAPANESE QUAIL
ABSTRACT
A study was
conducted in a Northern Guinea Savannah region to evaluate the growth,
reproductive and blood biochemistry parameters of parents and their offspring
in Japanese quail. A total of two hundred and twenty Day-old chicks (DOC) were
used in the base generation and six hundred and thirty DOC were used in the
first generation. A digital scale of sensitivity (0.01 g) was used to take the
weights. The body measurements taken were the 4-week body weight (BW4), 8-week
body weight (BW8), overall average growth rate (Agr) and relative growth rate
(Rgr). The reproductive parameters studied were the age at sexual maturity
(ASM), weight at sexual maturity (WtAsm), egg weight at sexual maturity
(EgAsm), average egg weight (Aveg), egg laid at the 11th week of age (Egg11)
and the ratio of egg weight to 4-week body weight (EgB4), taken from female
quails which were individually housed. In the 6th-week blood biochemistry
studied, glucose (Glu) was measured according to Trinder, 1969 while
Alkaline-Phosphatase (ALP) was determined according to Kind and King, 1954. For
body weight, sexual dimorphism was observed within and across generations. In
the base and first generation, the females and males showed no significant
(P>0.01) difference for BW4 but the females had a significantly (P<0.01)
higher BW8 than the males. In addition, the base generation had a significantly
(P<0.01) higher BW4 and BW8 than the first generation. This difference
observed in growth parameters had an effect on reproductive performance. The
faster growing birds in the base generation were significantly (P<0.01)
heavier in weight at sexual maturity and had a heavier egg weight but were
significantly (P>0.01) lower for age at sexual maturity. The study on the
blood biochemistry revealed that in each generation, the females and males
showed no significant (P>0.01) difference for respective blood parameter;
however, the first generation had a significantly (P<0.01) higher Glu but a
significantly (P>0.01) lower ALP when compared to the base generation. The
females had a higher coefficient of variation for the blood biochemistry when
compared to those of the males in both generations. For this study it was
observed that positive phenotypic correlation coefficient exists between growth
rate and ASM. Reproductive traits are generally positively correlated while ALP
and Glu are negatively correlated. The magnitude of repeatability estimates
showed that the growth traits had higher inherent transmission ability than
blood biochemistry and reproductive traits.
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