RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN STUDENTS ACADEMIC ACHIEVEMENT IN JUNIOR SECONDARY SCHOOL CERTIFICATE EXAMINATION IN ENGLISH LANGUAGE
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RELATIONSHIP
BETWEEN STUDENTS ACADEMIC ACHIEVEMENT IN JUNIOR SECONDARY SCHOOL CERTIFICATE
EXAMINATION IN ENGLISH LANGUAGE
Abstract
This study
relationship between students academic achievement in Junior Secondary School
Certificate Examination in English Language and Integrated Science from
2006-2009 in Udi Local Government Area in Enugu State. The need for the study
arose to know the relationship between the students academic achievement in
junior secondary school certificate examination in English language and
integrated science.
This study
need covered the selected twenty-three (23) junior secondary school in Udi
Local Government Area in Enugu State. This designed was ex-post Facto design.
The JSSCE were served as the main instrument used. Data were analyzed using
percentages. Finding of the study indicated that the relationship between
students academic achievement in junior secondary school certificate
examination in English language and Integrated science in the study area was
not so encouraging.
It is
recommended that there is need for students, teachers, Government and
curriculum planners to co-operate and improve learning of English language and
Integrated science.
CHAPTER ONE
INTRODUCTION
Background
of the Study
Education is
one the important factors which helps in bringing about rapid social and
economic development in any given nation. It is a medium through which various
categories of man power is developed and sustainable development achieved. It
is the manpower resources that utilize the available physical and financial
resources to provide the services and function that eventually bring about
economic and social development.
According to
Onah (2008), education refers to a family process or activities intend to bring
about learning. It is a process of developing knowledge, ability in learners in
such a way that they use this knowledge to improve themselves and the society.
The process of education involves different methods of transmitting information
with the intention of bringing about positive change in the behaviour of the
students. The best way of developing human resources and human capital is
through education within the context or framework of their level of
understanding.
Education of
students is the best way through which teachers find their fulfillment and
actualization. The Junior Secondary Certificate Examination (JSCE) is a public
examination in Nigeria conducted by each state of the federation through their
respective Ministry of Education (MOE) for final year students of the junior
Secondary School. Each state also develops administer marks, awards, grades and
certificate to all public schools under its jurisdiction. Since English
language and Integrated science are meant to serve as the yardstick for
admission into the senior secondary school as the core subjects. A student who
is there by admitted is assumed to posses the abilities and skills necessary to
cope with the academic challenges.
According to
Oga and Udemba (2007) posited that English language is one of the major
languages out of about 5,000 estimated languages spoken in the world. It is one
of the most influential and fastest growing languages spoken across the globe.
One fifth of the earth’s land surface use English language either as native
tongue or official language. It is the most widely studied language used by
entire world especially in areas where it is not native. Likewise integrated
science according to Oladimeji in Ene (1991) is defined as amalgamated course
designed to show the unity, wholeness and interrelationship of the distinct
disciplines of Biology, Chemistry, Physics and so forth, should not be
discernible. It is the virture of its name by bringing together of different
branches of science as a unified whole through the concepts and methods which
pervade the natural science. English language as the major language makes the
transmission of integrated science effective and efficient (from new
encyclopedia Britannica vol. 27p 32 2005).
Science is
simply defined as knowledge for natural process that are universal among
mankind, which has existed since the dawn of human existence. It is the study
of nature, which includes man and his environment. The study of science is the
effort the discover and increase human understanding of how the physical world
works.
According to
Otiji (2008), the early modern science, this period is believed to have started
in 1543 when De Revolution Ibus by the astronomer Nicolaus Copernicus was first
printed, which hinged on the assumption that the earth moves round the sun. The
introduction of science as the iron age that set in metals such as bronze,
copper and gold. It brought the transformation of Local technology to modern
technology which the junior secondary students do as integrated. Science as a
subject. The science and technology of
today is said to have evolved gradually through the period of 300-500 BC to the
present day advanced stage with the invention of very advanced cutting edge
technologies. It is borne out of man’s desire and curiosity to know more about
himself, his environment and how to solve his problems to make life more
comfortable.
Ofuebe
(2007) views science as a variety of information, abilities and operations
about the natural environment. Science is more concerned with various
investigative processes and activities with regards to developing, acquiring
and controlling knowledge, skills, capabilities and attitudes about the natural
factors of the environment. From these processes, reliable and verifiable
information are accumulated for used in science and other disciplines.
Okebukola
(2001) explain science as a human enterprise involving systematic study of an
environment with a view to make logical and reasonable explanation about nature
and find solution to the problems that confront man.
According to
Ekere (2003) Science is defined as an attempt by human beings to organize their
experiences about nature into meaningful systems of explanation. This
experiences includes knowledge of human actions on things, events or situations
and also the result or consequences of such action.
Everett
(1993), wrote that science is the kind of knowledge that is based on facts
established by careful observation experiment and repeatedly verified. By
observation and experimentation, the scientist collects facts that seen to
apply to his particular problem and can be tries to classify them to some kind
of other system. From these, science is the study of knowledge about the
structure and behaviour of the natural and physical world, based on the fact
that you can prove for example by experimenting the new developments in science
and technology. It can also be a system for organizing the knowledge about a
particular subjects especially one concerned with aspects of human behaviour or
society.
DOTT (2003)
Commented that science consist simply of the formulation and testing of
hypothese based on observation evidence, experiments are important where
applicably but their function is merely to simplify observation by imposing
controlled conditions. It is the concerted human effort to understand or to
better to the history of the natural world and how the world works with
observing natural phenomena and discovering new things.
Dienye and
Gbamanja (1990) posited that human survival is dependent on knowledge, and this
survival is enhanced by man’s ability to integrated several disparate realities
for his use. With aims of training the students in the process of scientific
investigation. Integrated science means the combination of various disciplines of
science with eliminates and which does not recognize the traditional subject
boundaries when presenting topics.
Ogbonna
(1982) cited by Ene (1991) that Integrated science by virtue of its name is the
bringing together of different branches of science as a unified whole through
the concepts and methods which pervade the natural science. Integrated science
is therefore defined as an approach to the teaching of science which concepts
in science discipline are combined and presented in such a way that the students
learn science as a whole instead of learning it as a separate disciplines. This
helps the students to know the basic concepts and keys idea which proving
opportunities for students to learn reasoning skill and a new way of thinking
about their environment.
Science can
also be view as a method of obtaining knowledge. This can be achieved through
many skills and some of the process skills involved in scientific inquiry
includes observation, verification and experimentation. In English language,
however the procedural processes are syntax, semantic, structure, lexical,
morphology, phonetic and phonology etc. Integrated science it’s origin between
1957 and 1969. When growing awareness was generated and efforts made towards
developing functional, and integrated science curriculum.
Integrated
science covered only two years programme but this was up-dated in 1982 and
redesigned to cover three years programme. With the new policy in education and
the introduction of 6-3-3-4 educational systems in the country. Integrated
science as a subject has been made compulsory in the junior secondary school.
This
therefore serves as starting point for teaching of introductory part of other
areas of science subjects. The survey of English language is an indisputable
fact that language like every other subject has its history. It has undergone a
lot of changes in its original structure. The old English is not appreciated by
the modern speakers of English language unless such speakers have undergone
some special training in that area. But inspite of this, through all the
centuries the continuity in the development of the proper and sound system of
English language has been ensured and maintained.
According to
Jowith (1991), English language is known as standard English from nineteenth
century, this was the period in which British men began coming to the country
in steadily increasing numbers as missionaries, trader, soldiers and government
officials. Their presence helped to ensure that standard British English has a
prestige in Nigeria as in Britain. This was the modal held up in schools for
Nigerian learners to emulate in primary, secondary and higher education.
From
Deignton (1997), the early modern period of English began in the late fifteenth
century with the publication by William carton of his first book printed in
England with the end of the wars of roses. There was a great difference between
the early modern English and the present day English. In a bid to draw
distinction among the various types of English language used in this period has
emphasized that “Although the English language is considered to have entered
into its modern period after 1450, the language of Shakespear (1564-1616) and
the King James bibles (1611) certainly differs in many ways from the English of
the twentieth century”. Accordingly, a distinction is usually made from 1,700 n
words. It must be emphasized at this point that English language continued to
change in various forms, ranging from the syntax, morphology, grammer, phonetic
and phonological symbols to semantic and linguistic pattern English as a
language is used in several countries and is widely studies.
English
language is used as an official language “Lingua Franca”. It is the language
fro unification. In primary and junior secondary education, it is used to teach
other subjects and to pass information from the teacher to the student. (from
new encyclopedia Britannia vol 4 p. 500 2005) English language has flexibility
of education functions. This means that one word can function as various parts
of speech in different contexts like in verb, noun, adjective and give
different meanings.
Anibueze
(2009) views English language from the stand point that educational
pre-requisite for advancement and career success in the country. It means a lot
in the life and progress of a student, as it is a key subject with profound
influence in all the other school subjects.
According to
Ozohili (2007), poisted that English language has an important role because it
is concerned with those abilities of speaking, listening, reading and writing
that are required for learning in all areas of life. Integrated science is the
combination of subjects like chemistry, biology and physics, therefore from all
indication occupying very important position in junior secondary education. Any
amount of financial resources spent on their research, verification, experimentation,
drills, observation and study to improve effectiveness and productivity seem to
be investment in the right direction. English language and integrated science
occupies a special position in the junior secondary school curriculum. The
central focus of learning English language and integrated science is to produce
skillful and science oriented individuals who will have a good knowledge and
methodology. On the other hand, the blames for poor academics achievement of
the student should be opportuned to both principals, teachers and government
agencies.
Akabogu and
Ndu (1992), puts the blame on the teachers, principals, students and government
agencies for low academic achievement of junior secondary school students in
the junior secondary examination certificate in the area of English language
and Integrated science.
Again Ukeje,
Akabogu and Ndu (1992) views student low academic achievement in junior
secondary and primary school thus “A large number of principals of junior
secondary school and headmistresses of primary school has become absentee
school administrations. The classroom teachers consequently have generally
abandoned their teaching responsibilities. Lack of instructional materials like
textbooks, computer, charts, apparatus for experiments etc. implies failure to
the students. For English language and Integrated science which is taught in
junior secondary school to be functional, it requires enough qualifies teachers
and adequate teaching aids for teaching. Therefore, laboratory contributes
immensely to the academic performance of students in integrated science
students achieves more when they receive education that will train their entire
body. The classroom work takes cares of the intellectual aspect of the students
and practicals brings out what they have done in full. Therefore, in the school
system, it is necessary to ensure that all the variable relating to junior
secondary school student academic performance in certificate in English
language and Integrated science are positively oriented so as to bring out the
highest performance in their result.
Statement of
Problems
The problem of this study is
ascertaining the relationship between junior secondary school students academic
achievement in certificate English language and Integrated science between 2006
to 2009. English language and Integrated science are the core subjects in
Junior secondary schools as English is a language of communication and used to
teach any other subjects, like wise integrated science as a key subject to all
science courses is known to be a very useful tool technology advancement.
Unfortunately, students are no longer
interested in the study of science. It appears that this is a big decline of
interests in the study of science subjects especially in our junior secondary
schools. With this considerable decline in interest in the sciences, the
technological development will continue to lure the country in spite of
abundant resources at our disposal. A great need therefore is no how to rule
off there wrong attitude and stimulate our young scientists. Students in the
junior level are meant to understand these science subjects as unified whole
and this application of knowledge of integrated science as a subject in our
junior secondary schools.
According to Maduabum (1989) in Ene (1991)
includes:
1. Lack of appropriate training of
teachers.
2. Lack of adequate number of qualified
integrated science teachers.
3. Inadequate or total absence of
laboratory facilities
4. Insufficient time spent on teaching
and learning of integrated science.
According to
Anbuese (2007) the problem of English language include:
a. Inadequate of teaching aids or
instructional materials.
b. Lack of appropriate background
knowledge of English language by student.
c. Lack of development of listening and
speaking skills.
In other to
test what Maduabum and Anibueze wrote, the researchers tried to carryout this
research in Udi Local Government Area to find out if these enumerated points
are also the problems encountered by students in learning English language and
Integrated science in Udi Local Government Area.
Other
problem the researcher think that is against learning of English language and
Integrated science are inadequate of integrated science and English language
textbook. The inappropriateness of the methods used by the teacher. All these
have contributed to poor performance in English language and Integrated
science.
It is for
these reasons that the researchers planned to find out or rather look into the
relationship between junior secondary school students academic achievement in
certificate English language and Integrated science from 2006 to 2009 in Udi
Local Government Area of Enugu State.
Purpose of
the Study
The purpose of this study is to
determine the relationship between junior secondary school students academic
achievement in their certificate English language and Integrated science, to
find out
1. The relationship between students
performance and their achievement in English language and Integrated science.
2. The overall performance of students
in junior secondary school certificate examination in English language and
Integrated in the selected schools in Udi Local Government Area from 2006 to
2009.
3. The level of performance in English
langue and Integrated science in junior secondary school examination in Udi
Local Government Area.
4. The high quantity pass (HQP) and low
quality pass (LQP) over the year of the study.
5. If the academic performance of junior
secondary school certificate Examination in English language and Integrated
science is improving or declining in term of quality pass (TQP) and failure
(F9).
6. Differences in academic performance
of schools in English language and Integrated science in the term of school
type.
Significance
of the Study
This refers to the members that will
benefit from the study like the students, teachers, Government and curriculum
planners.
The result obtained from this research
work will help teachers of English language and Integrated science to have
better insight into student’s area of difficulties and problem inherent in the
learning of English language and Integrated science and will ultimately find
solutions to it.
The result of the work will also show
that Government and curriculum planner the level of performance in junior
secondary certificate, so also the inspector will be aware of the level of
performance. It will also enable them know the qualification of teachers in the
field and to make any possible change when necessary.
Finally, if decline in performance is
detected suggestions will be proffered towards assisting students to change
their habits and overall attitude towards the study of English language and
Integrated science. This study will provide the students with knowledge in the
live of performance and there encourage them to work harder if performance is
low.
Scope of
Study
The scope of the study is delimited in
the relationship between junior secondary school student’s academic achievement
in certificate English language and Integrated science from 2006 to 2009 in Udi
Local Government Area.
Research
Questions
1. What is the relationship between
students academic achievement in English language and Integrated science in
junior secondary certificate examination?
2. What has been the overall academic
performance of students in junior secondary school certificate examination in
English language and Integrated science in Udi Local Government Area from 2006
to 2009?
3. What has been the level of Academic
performance in English language and Integrated science in junior secondary
school certificate examination in Udi Local Government Area in 2006 to 2009?
4. Are the performance in junior
secondary school certificate examination improving or declining in terms of
quality pass (TQP) and failure (F9)?
5. What are the change in high quality
pass (HQP), and low quality pass (LQP) and failures (F9)?
6. Are there difference in the Academic
Performances of schools in terms of Gender?
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