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COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGY AND ACADEMIC ACHIEVEMENT OF SANDWICH STUDENTS
CHAPTER ONE
INTRODUCTION
1.1 Background to the Study
The
predominant means of instruction has traditionally been through verbal medium,
either as spoken lecture or written text. As more instructional resources of
many different media types become available to students, especially the
sandwich ones through the internet, there is a need for educators to understand
when these sources may be used effectively for instruction, as well as a need
for students to develop an additional set of literacy skills in order to learn
from these sources (Anyakoha, 1990).
Tyner (2000)
argued that in the information age, the concept of literacy has been
simultaneously broadened and splinted into many literacies in part because “the
all purpose word literacy seems hopelessly anachronistic, tainted with the
nostalgic ghost of a fleeting industrial age. The term information
communication technology is among several terms that have been associated with
literacy to emphasize that literacy extends beyond reading and writing the
alphabetic codes, and should include a variety of audio-visual forms of
representation. Associating information communication technology with the literacy
also highlights a belief among many scholars and educators that conceptions of
literacy or studentship and how it is developed should not focus exclusively on
printed materials but should include electronic media that have moved into the
mainstream of communication especially at the end of the twentieth century.
Implicit in
these views is that research and practice related to literacy must be
transformed to accommodate new ways of accessing, process and using information
by sandwich students generally by and the sandwich students in particular
(Aaron, 1997). Information encompasses a wide range variety of things ranging
from oral and printed words, figures, statements, files and documents to such
intangible elements as sound signals, rays and waves. Whatever the form
information takes, the essence of information is that it conveys messages.
UNESCO
(1979), defined information simply as “set of data recorded in a methodical
manner” which includes: any item of knowledge capable of facilitating the
operation of a system; and any numerical or alpha-numerical quantity processed
by the machine, the aggregate of information constitutes the data and results
of a problem. According to (Adamson, 1998), claims the term information
technology refers to the application of scientific knowledge. Information
communication technology , therefore can be defined as the acquisition,
processing, storage and dissemination of vocal, pictoral, textual and numerical
information by a micro-based combination of computing and telecommunication.
Telecommunication
is a special kind of communication in which information is conveyed over a long
distance. Information communication technology (ICT) also refers to the more
efficient and effective way of storing, accessing and updating information than
processes involving paper. In the recent time, sandwich students, most especially,
have benefited from the use of information communication technology (ICT) such
as computer, television, telephone and the internet as a veritable sources of
information in their academic career or pursuit.
Uzoma (1999)
opined that sandwich students, andmost adolescents use the information
communication technology especially the internet to gather vital educational
information or materials, register their courses of study, check their results
of JAMB, NECO, GCE, POST UME etc. Onuoha (2000), posited that the advent of
information technology has made education more simple and easy for students
especially, the students in the sandwich studies at University of Lagos. Onuoha claimed that
information communication technology has helped sandwich students in many ways
such as project writing and collection of necessary information leading to
effective studies. Onuoha further stated that information communication
technology has created a remarkable balance and effectiveness in the daily
activities of students mostly the sandwich students who are in the habits of
using the computer and the internets to carry out faster storage and retrieval
of information in the academic environment or school.
As
Adelekunnu (1994) puts it, information communication technology (ICT) can be
used to assist sandwich students to get along with others, achieving
self-reliance and educational success. Also, it can help them to achieve
professional success and to adhere to societal values and norms. With
information technology, sandwich students achieve high academic laurels in
school, especially at the University of Lagos.
1.2 Statement of the Problem
Information
communication technology as an effective means of storing, accessing,
retrieving or collecting vital information is often times used by sandwich
students to carry out their educational activities. With the advent of
information technology, sandwich students access information that lead them to
successful academic and professional achievement. Nevertheless, information communication
technology seems to have corrupted students, especially, the adolescents who
are in sandwich studies. For instance, some sandwich students are often seen
glued for hours to the television and the internet watching or viewing
pornographic films or pictures that are capable of bending their minds and
distorting their dispositions. Studies have shown (Asobie, Achizie and
Anywanwu., 1995), that some sandwich students who browse the internets often
are more corrupt than those who do not.
Sandwich
students who use the internet often or watch the television involved in sexual
promiscuity, examination malpractices, stealing and other vices or
indisciplines that are always carried out in the school, especially at the
University of Lagos. In recent times, many sandwich students have been caught
using Global System Mobile Network (GSM) phones to carry out or perpetrate
examination malpractices; to connect friends and associates in crimes.
Both adults
and students are found to use the GSM phones to tell assorted kinds of lies and
deceit in the larger society and this has made corruption to be well rooted in
the society in which we live. The more advanced manner in which television
programmes are aired and commendable, but many of the programmes show very bad and
aggressive films and many sandwich students watch them after which they start
acting what they have seen and this has affected their psyche negatively.
1.3 Purpose of the Study
The major
purpose of this study is to carry out an investigation on the sandwich
studentship and information communication technology utilization at University
of Lagos.
Other
purposes include the following:
1. Examine the influence that
information communication technology has influence on sandwich students’
behaviour.
2. Assess the significant
relationship between information communication technology and students’
academic achievements.
3. Assess the constant use of
ICT by sandwich more often than their counterpart part time students.
4. Evaluate the socio-economic
status of students who often use information communication technology in their
educational career.
5. Determine the gender
difference in the use of ICT among sandwich students.
1.4
Research Questions
The
following research questions were raised in this study:
1. To what extent can the
influence of information communication technology on sandwich students’
learning behaviour be examined?
2. Is there any relationship
between information communication technology and students’ academic
achievement?
3. Do sandwich students constant
use information communication technology more often than their counterparts in
part-time studies?
4. Do students from high
socio-economic homes use ICT often than their counterparts from
low-socio-economic homes?
5. Is there any gender
difference in the use of information communication technology among sandwich
students?
1.5 Research
Hypotheses
The
undermentioned hypotheses were tested in this study.
1. There will be no significant
relationship between information communication technology and students’
learning behaviour at University of Lagos.
2. There will be no significant
relationship between information communication technology and students academic
achievement at University of Lagos.
3. There will be no significant
gender difference between in the use of ICT among sandwich students and the
part time students.
4. There will be no significant
difference between the academic performance of students from high
socio-economic homes and those from low-socio-economic homes due to use of ICT.
5. There will be no significant
gender difference in the use of information communication technology among
sandwich students.
1.6 Significance of the Study
This study
will be beneficial to the following:
Sandwich
students will benefit from the findings and recommendations of this study
because it help them to be able to be more aware of the information
communication technology in the school. This study will enable students to get
more involved in the utilization of information communication technology due to
the benefits derivable from it. Teachers will find this study beneficial
because with the findings and recommendations of this study, teachers would
avail themselves of the opportunity to get involved in the use of information communication
technology because of the numerous benefits that can be derived from it. With
the study also, information communication technology and their functions.
This study
will assist the school authority to be able to know more about information communication
technology and its functions especially in the life of the sandwich students.
The recommendations of this study will enable the school authority to expand
its policy on the availability and usage of information communication
technology in the school system in Nigeria. The society will benefit from this
study, because it will assist the society to be information communication
technology friendly due to the advantages it has. This study will afford the
society to know more about information communication technology and its
functions in the world today.
1.7 Scope of the Study
This study
will cover the influence of information communication technology utilization on
sandwich students learning outcomes at University of Lagos, Akoka, Lagos.
1.8 Definition of Terms
Operational
terms were be defined in this study thus:
Information
technology – This refers to the application of scientific knowledge.
Information communication technology is the acquisition, processing, storage
and dissemination of vocal, pictoal, textual and numerical information by a
micro-based combination of computing and telecommunication, Asiobie, (1989).
Sandwich
Studenship – This refers to students who are involved in sandwich studies.
Students who were admitted without Joint Admission and Matriculation Board
(JAMB).
Utilization
– Putting something in use or utilizing.
Assessment –
This refers to the act of assessing, the values of amount at which something is
calculated, a judgment or opinion.
Evaluation –
To calculate the value or degree of.
Accessible –
This refers to get or get into, to or at. Easily persuaded or influenced.
Acquisition
– The act of acquiring something or someone.
Message – A
broken or written piece of information passed from one person to another; the
important or central idea etc.
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