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EFFECT OF
DEMONSTRATION METHOD AND GUIDED DISCOVERY METHOD ON THE ACADEMIC PERFORMANCE OF
STUDENTS
ABSTRACT
This study
was conducted to identify the Effects of Demonstration and Guided Discovery
methods on the student’s academic performance in Biology.
The sample
consisted of 120 SSIII Biology students selected from four senior secondary
schools in Alimosho Local Government Area of Lagos State based on random
sampling techniques. A quasi experimental research design was used.
The
instrument used to collect data was an achievement test of 30 items on the
human digestive system. All the sample students were pre-and post-tested using
the achievement test.
One
hypothesis was tested at 0.05 level of significance. Data collected were
analyzed using the student’s t-test statistics. The result indicated that there
was a significant difference in the academic performance of students who were
taught with demonstration method and those who taught with guided discovery
methods in Biology with students exposed to demonstration method achieving
better than those exposed to guided discovery.
CHAPTER ONE
INTRODUCTION
1.0
Introduction
It has been
observed that the educational system in Nigeria has been experiencing some
setback due to our political instability which is one of the major problems
faced by the sector. It can be said that little attention has been given to
this sector as a result of the non-chalant attitude of our political leaders.
Education, the underlining factor of the social life that help people create
meaning out of the environment as well as been able to influence the
environment to their own benefit.
Man is
greatly dependent on science and technology, this is because the future hope
for a better scientifically and technologically developed countries which lies
in science education. A sound knowledge of science education is very important
for the management of our natural resources, provision of adequate food and
healthy environment. For instance, Biological sciences is essential to all
forms of life including plants and animals and other living and non-living
components. It also plays important role towards achieving self–reliance in the
life of individual (Dutta, 1996; Umeh, 1999).
Every
develop nation is as a result of science and technology been embraced in their
school curriculum. In the teaching of science subjects certain methods is being
recommended as the appropriate method to be used. These methods stipulated in
the science curriculum is to enable the effective teaching and learning of
science subjects. Some of the cardinal objectives of the biology curriculum for
senior secondary school syllabus are to prepare pupils to acquire meaningful and
relevant knowledge in biology, also to acquire reasonable and functional
scientific attitudes. In accordance with the objectives, the contents and
contexts of the syllabus also place emphasis on guided-discovery, techniques
and skills coupled with conceptual thinking.
Most
teachers use methods apart from the methods stipulated in the curriculum by the
Nigeria Educational Research and Development Council (NERDC) and it has
contributed to the low performance of student in biology. The repeated records
of failures in biology tend to pose some attitude in students towards the
teaching of biology by the teacher in the explanation of biological concept.
The
attitudes of the teachers toward the teaching of biology as a science subject
has failed to achieve the stated objectives of biology as stated in the
curriculum.
1.1Background
Of The Study
From the
perspective of promoting standard based science education, the teaching method
employed plays important role in learning important ideas and skills if
standard based education is to become a reality in the nation classroom (Tyson,
1997).
Methods are
the tools of the teacher for reaching the set goals and objectives. The
effective teacher has multiplicity of methods at his disposal and must be prepared
to select the ones which will be most effective for leading the learner to
desired behaviour. Educational methods is a process of cognitive, affective and
psychomotive development whose aim is to mould the learner towards a total
contribution to the development of the learner and the community (Durosaro,
2002). In achieving this by the teacher, there is the need to improve on the
instructional methods in teaching biology.
Therefore,
this study is set out to investigate if appropriate teaching method used in
teaching biology could yield a better performance. Such teaching methods are
demonstration methods and guided-discovery.
Demonstration
method is always accomplished by telling or explaining a concept by the
handling or manipulating of real things, equipment or materials or showing
pictures. Demonstrations are useful because they provide concrete reference for
objects or events. Students relate terms and concepts to those events which
they have observed. If this method is used to carryout a study on students’
performance in biology, it will be observed that student will be able to
identify some difficulties they faced in learning biology when they were given
problem to solve. Demonstration method is an effective means of supplementing and
clarifying the content being taught.
Guided-Discovery
method likewise is an instructional strategy in which the learner tends to
learn more or have better understanding of biological concepts because they are
guided to discover things by themselves. Discovery learning, when encouraged in
the science class also aids problem solving because learning by discovery
starts with problem solving (Akanbi and Opasina 2000). Discovery also causes
creativity in the student which is one of the major objective of science
teaching.
These two
methods have a positive effect on the students’ level of academic performance
but certain factors have been attributed to the poor achievement or performance
of students in biology. These include the level of the teacher’s knowledge in
biology, in the principles and methods of teaching, inability of the teacher to
understand his/her student during teaching process or inadequate
infrastructure/ teaching aids.
There is
tendency that each of these two methods will create an effect on the academic
performance of student in biology. This project work tends to identify the
effect created on the academic performance of students in biology using
demonstration method and guided-discovery method.
1.2Purpose
Of The Study
This study
aim to;
- Determine the effect of using
Demonstration method in teaching biology.
- Determine the effect of using Guided –
Discovery method in teaching biology.
- Find out students’ level of understanding
biological concepts.
- Investigate students’ performance in
biology using each of the methods.
1.3Statement Of Problem
Since
teachers lack adoption of educational methods in teaching biology, poor
performance of students in biology will be inevitable, if a teacher does not
have content pedagogical knowledge of biology, it tends to contribute to the
poor academic performances of students in biology. Also inadequate
infrastructure or teaching aid may lead to ineffective teaching and learning.
The question is that, does the method used in teaching of biology affect
student’s performance? This is a problem which this study intend to solve.
1.4Research
Question
To guide
this study, the following research questions are stated.
- What is the academic performance of
students taught with Demonstration Method and Guided-Discovery method?
1.5Research
Hypothesis
The
hypothesis is formulated to guide the study:
Ho: There will be no significance difference
between the academic performance of students who are taught with Demonstration
Method and those who are taught with Guided – Discovery Method.
1.6Significance
of Study
This
research work will provide the effects of demonstration and guided-discovery
method of teaching in biology and its contribution to the academic performance
of the students. Findings will highlight the strengths of implementing these
methods thereby informing teachers of those factors to reckon with in teaching
the student.
1.7Scope Of
The Study
This study
will cover schools in Alimosho Local Government due to proximity of the area to
the university and my residence.
1.8Limitation
Of Study
The study is
restricted to some selected schools within the Local Government Area of study
due to time, distance, and transportation factors.
1.9Definition
Of Term
Demonstration
Method–an instruction that shows or explains how something works or is done
using illustration, picture, chart etc.
Guided
discovery Method – is a method whereby the teacher guides the students to
discover things on their own e.g through questioning.
Methods –
are the strategies the teacher uses to reach the set goals and objectives of an
instructional process.
Teaching
Principles – are the set rules that guide the teaching profession.
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