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PARENTAL
INFLUENCES ON INCIDENCES OF TRUANT BEHAVIOUR
CHAPTER ONE
INTRODUCTION
1.1
Background of the study
Truancy is a
term used to describe any intentional unauthorized absence from compulsory
school. The term truancy, typically refers to absence caused by students of
their own free will, and usually does not refer to legitimate excused absence,
such as ones related to a medicated conditions. Truancy is the term referring
to an absence that is associated with the most brazen students'
irresponsibility and results in the greatest consequences. It also refers to
students who attend schools but do not attend classes. Atkinson, Hasley, Wilkin
and Kindler (2000) pointed to differences in the extent of absence, from
avoidance of single lesson to absence of several weeks. Truancy refers to
absence from school and delinquent behaviour among young people as they negotiate
the transition from childhood to adulthood in an increasingly complex and
confusing world (Henry, 2007). Although the issue of truancy is an age long
problem, it seems that the truancy of the past cannot be compared with that of
the present era. The antisocial behaviours often associated with the truancy'
include vandalism, drug abuse, weapon carrying, alcohol abuse, rape,
examination malpractices, school violence, bullying, cultism, delinquency,
school drop-outs, to mention but a few. Obviously, unless something is done to
roll back the wave of truancy, the prospect of a better, safer and more
prosperous society emerging in Nigeria will remain elusive.
The family
is the foundation of human society. Families are the strongest socializing
forces of life. They teach children to eschew unacceptable behaviour, to delay
gratification and to respect the right of others. Conversely, families can
teach children aggressive, anti-social, and violent behaviours. Also, children
who are rejected by their parents, who grow up in homes with considerable
conflicts, or who are inadequately supervised are at the greatest risk of
becoming truant.
Sociology of
education makes us to know that the family is the first primary social group
that the child first belongs to, come in contact with, and this group has a
greater influence on the child's physical, mental and moral development. The
family lays the foundation of education before the child goes to school and the
personality that the child takes to school is determined by the home/family
(Maduewesi and Emenogu, 1997).
Adolescence is a time of expanding vulnerabilities and opportunities
that accompany the widening social and geographical exposure to life beyond the
school or family, but it starts with the family. The modern culture has changed
and outgrown the values and beliefs that were thought to be the core beliefs
and values of our society.
Despite
increasing evidence that school truancy and absenteeism have attracted much
interest, international educational research and policy discourses over the
past two decades (Reid'2010; Daziel and Henthome 2005; Roth-man 2004; Morris
and Rutt 2004), this behaviour remains a serious issue for schools and
communities worldwide. General consensus seem to exist among researchers that school
truancy may be linked to serious, immediate and far-reaching consequences for
youth, families, schools and communities at large. Jesse (2014) refers to
truancy as a gateway crime in that a great majority of inmates in adult jails
report their first appearance before a judge was as a juvenile on truancy
charges. This level of concern over truancy has inevitably resulted in
significant efforts by researchers, practitioners, schools and policy makers to
try and understand and address this increasingly serious problem (Maynard et
al. 2013). However, much of the extant literature focuses predominantly on the
school and community related factors which lead to truant behaviour, with
limited attention being paid to the contribution made by the learners' home-based
circumstances in leading to school truancy and non-attendance (Maynard et al.
2012). This study therefore seeks to explore family related factors and
circumstances that may contribute to the prevalence of skipping school by
learners which may be one of several risk factors for serious pathologies later
in life.
1.2 Statement of the Problem
Truancy is
an educational, social and law enforcement problem. Truancy among adolescents
jeopardizes chances of achieving their educational goals. ( Siziya, Muula and
Rudatsikira, 2007) Student’s non-attendance to classes is a problem that
extends much further than the school. It affects the students the family and
the society on very high levels. Globally, truancy has been identified as the
most powerful predictor of delinquency and indiscipline among youths.
Absenteeism is detrimental to students’ achievement promotion graduation
self-esteem and employment potential. Clearly students who miss school fall
behind their peers in the classroom. Consequently this leads to low-esteem and
increase poor academic performance that
will cause student drop out of school. As a matter of fact truancy threatens
students’ academic performance progress; success can serve as an indicator of
dysfunction in many other areas of human endeavour. If the matter is left
unaddressed If the matter is left unaddressed, truancy will contribute to a
myriad of problems for young people during the school years and into adulthood.
Therefore the main research problem of this study borders on finding the causes
and levels of truancy among secondary school students with special reference to
Ikeja Local Government Area, Lagos State.
1.3 Purpose of the Study
The purpose
of this study is to find out the influence of parental styles on the truant
behaviour of secondary school students. Specifically, it sought to:
i. Identify the causes of truant
behaviour among secondary school student.
ii. Examine how parenting styles can
influence truant behaviour among secondary school students.
iii. Highlight other factors apart from
parenting style as determinants of truant behaviour.
iv. Determine consequences of truant
behaviour on the adolescent growth and development
v. Explain the psychological/counseling
interventions to be given to truant behaviour among secondary school students.
vi. Determine the influence of truancy on
academic performance among secondary school students.
1.4 Research Questions
To guide the
proper conduct of this study, the following research questions were raised.
1. What are the causes of truancy among
students in secondary school?
2. How does parenting style can influence
truant behaviour among secondary school students?
3. What are the other factors apart from
parenting style as determinants to truant behaviour?
4. What are the consequences of truant
behaviour on the adolescent growth and development?
5. What are the psychological/counseling
interventions to be used for truant behaviour among secondary students?
6. How does truancy affect the academic
performance among secondary school students?
1.5 Significance of the Study
The findings of the study will be
relevant to social workers, counseling psychologists, policy makers in
education and the teachers. It will also fill an existing gap in the field of
knowledge acquisition (Research) and to contribute to existing literature on
truant behaviour and its management.
1.6 Scope of the Study
This study is designed to cover
Ikeja Local Government Area of Lagos State. This study focuses on parental
influences on the incidences of truant behaviour among secondary school
students. It is not limited to public secondary school students; it is for both
public and private secondary school.
1.5 Significance of Study
The findings
of this study will be relevant to counselors, social workers and educators.
Truancy is a treat to the society and any useful finding aimed at curtailing
the scourge will be welcome by all cadres of the society.
1.6 Scope of the study
This study,
is designed to cover Ikeja Local Government Area Lagos State.
This study
centres on parental influences on the incidences of truant behavior
among
secondary school students. It is not limited to pubic secondary school
students, it
is for both public and private secondary schools.
1.7 Definition of Terms
Truant:- a student who misses school without
permission
Behaviour:-
the way in which one acts or conducts oneself, especially towards others.
Truancy:- is
any intentional unauthorized or illegal absence from compulsory education. It
is absences caused by students of their own free will, and usually does not
refer to legitimate "excused" absences, such as ones related to
medical conditions.
Parenting:-
is the process of promoting and supporting the physical, emotional, social,
financial, and intellectual development of a child from infancy to adulthood.
Single
parent:- sometimes called a solo parent, is a parent, not living with a spouse
or partner, who has most of the day-to-day responsibilities in raising the
child or children.
Concept:-
It's a general idea about a thing or group of things, derived from specific
instances or occurrences. It often applies to a theoretical idea in science:
Einstein's contribution to the concept of relativity. Concept was borrowed from
Late Latin conceptus, from Latin concipere "to take in, conceive,
receive," A concept is an idea conceived in the mind. The original meaning
of the verb conceive was to take sperm into the womb, and by a later extension
of meaning, to take an idea into the mind.
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