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FACTORS AFFECTING THE
CHOICE OF CAREER AMONG VOCATIONAL AND TECHNICAL EDUCATION STUDENTS
CHAPTER ONE
INTRODUCTION
BACKGROUND OF THE STUDY
In those days when few people for various reasons could go to
school and job were waiting for individuals to qualify and take, there little
need for planning either in terms of what courses to take or in terms of what
type of job to do in future as occupation. Today the old education system order
has changed due to change in society. The present day society is too complex
and changes at a much faster rate than it was before. This rate of change
present a baffling situation for the young ones in the society who have no
experience. The choice of demand that alternatively should be clear and the
important aspect should be taken into consideration in order that the decision
process would be easier.
According to Mankinde (1982), he observed that in a simple
society with little diversified choice of career, it does not require much
specialized assistance. Parents and friends and family could provide adequate
advice to someone who has to make a choice between several familiar options.
The restlessness common to youth today is indicative of the society is complex
and diverse. They are trying to understand their relationship with this fact
moving programme. As newsmen of at put “it is a genuine desire to come to give
with the underlying question in all human enterprises. The meaning of life,
what am here for, what can I do to justify my existence. The present system of
education in Nigeria which is the 6-3-3-4 system is American in origin. This
pattern of education was into our society with its different culture of life
and values and this class of value has created immense problems in our effort
to develop a system suitable for our society. The history of applied psychology
has its roots in the rise of empirical science and the increasing influence of
a commercial industrial social class beginning in the last 18th century. This
development led to the need for a more democratically based school system to
train qualified worker for the every-burgeoning industrial complex indeed, the
demand for workers in Nigeria was done among those that take the skills and the
need for personal to help channel these prospective workers into increasingly
complex job. The two significant events which occur in the 20thcentury marked
the expansion of vocational and technical guidance. The were the career in 1910
of the national conference on vocational guidance. Association (Whifey, 1984).
This marked the beginning of vocational moment in Nigeria. However, vocational guidance counselling
started in Nigeria as far back as 1961 with the inauguration of the Ibadan
career council, which later formed the nucleus of what is known as the Nigeria
career councils. The name Nigeria career council was later changed in the year
1967.
There was a general opinion amongst career counsellor that
our youngsters need constant guidance in the choice of occupation and the
relevant career choice it is common knowledge to find students choosing
vocation or occupation for which they have no aptitude but interest, such
students are likely to end up in failure and career frustration. Thus, we have
to live in ambiguity, uncertainty and value confusion. In other words, the
traditional road or signals of danger are all inadequate today. The fact that
personal conflicts or some other external obstacles do constitute to these
goals, how we handle these obstacles that they do not develop into problem,
require experience. The fact that guidance scheme can over one tools such as
knowledge of how to solve problems are brought to bear on problems situations,
the ability to make appropriate choice and decision are increased to the utter
satisfaction and happiness of the individual. It is noticeable that many
students have gone through the years of school system without knowing and
choosing the appropriate subject that can lead them into the professional job,
further studies and career wrist to pursue. The question now is how can we
solve these problem which are affecting our students in their choice of subject
in the school system as the choice of subject leads to the choice of career
which in turn leads to the world of work in the career which in turn lead to
the world of work in the society and nation that will eventually lead to
building the personality of the individuals.
Career plays a very fundamental and significant role in the
life of the individual not only because they determine the pattern of income
but also because they affect the individual personality and concepts in life.
Career therefore is a choose pursuit, life work or success in one's profession,
it is the sequence of major position occupied by a person throughout his
lifetime. In a nutshell, career is the
totality of work one does in his life time and are person concerned. It is
therefore a positive thing for one to think as far as possible as it is
enduring. Career choice is something very hard to enter especially as ones life
will depend on it.
Her (1973) thus indicate that career is the totality of
experience through which one learn about and prepare to engage in work as part
of his way of living. PietropesaandSplete(1975) Stress career is an enjoying
process that occurs over the life span and includes homes, schools and
community. Every human being needs to do one job or the other to help
contribute his quote to the development of the country.
However,
career convention according to him is an instrument of career information. This
occurs for a number of reasons, which includes:
1. To
stimulate career thinking and widen occupational horizon.
2. To focus
attention on particular jobs in order to help an individual crystallizes his
preference.
3. To create
a situation in which parents can on one hand meet employers and discuss the
opportunities they offer and on the other hand meat the career teachers oar
career officers with whom they can exchange views.
Factor that may influence choice of career includes.
-
Socio-economic factors
- Personal
or family factors
- Cultural
factors, which include schools, peer group, age group.
STATEMENT OF PROBLEMS
Students
which undergo problem of career often make their choice of career or subject
without adequate consideration of important factor such as ability want and
interest. Disillusionment could be avoided if the students could be guided in
their choice of careers. Guidance can only be possible if the guidance
counsellor can understand the aptitude factors that the students choice of
career.
PURPOSE OF THE STUDY
The purpose
of this study is to find out the career aspiration of the selected students in
Egor Local Government Area, Edo State. The study will also determine the
factors affecting the choice of careers.
SIGNIFICANCE OF THE STUDY
This study is aimed at eradicating the problem of choice of
career amongst students in the society. It would also give students a good
direction their year of study. The right choice of students so discover on time
whether the subjects they have chosen, and if they would be able to do them,
can meet their aspirations. Also the study will give educator good
understanding of the problems and it will enable them to help the students make
the right choice of career in which they have the aptitude and ability. This
will enable them to read just and cope with the requirement for such career.
This study
will go a long way in making our policy make recognizance the need for training
more careers guidance counsellor for our students in the society.
Implementation of the recommendation which will be derived from the study will
enable students to develop some skills early enough through vocational and
technical training to enable the contribution to economy development. As
specialization is a criterion to high productivity the nation would also
benefit very much from the employment of the right individuals in the right
careers because there would be increase in productivity, thus, the national
manpower need would be satisfied.
1.4 RESEARCH
QUESTIONS
1. The
students aware of what career they are going into?
2. Are the
students influenced by friends, parents, teachers, social status, prestige,
socio-economic background?
3. What role
do parents play in their children choice of career?
4. Whether a
students ability in a particular subject aspect his choice of career?
5. Are the
school giving the children a proper or adequate guidance and counselling
service for their choice of career?
1.5 SCOPE OF
THE STUDY
The perception of students (positive and negative) is fact
all over the nation. But this study restricted to selected schools in Egor
Local Government Area of Edo State
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